Los servicios ambientales de los bosques

La relación social con el bosque y los servicios que éste ofrece han experimentado modificaciones a lo largo de la historia. La incorporación de los nuevos conceptos de valor total a los bosques y la ampliación de su marco de interés desde las ciencias forestales hacia otros agentes sociales y otras disciplinas del conocimiento han abierto la puerta a una apreciación renovada de los servicios ofrecidos por los ecosistemas forestales. En la actualidad se intentan desarrollar mecanismos que permitan captar parte de este valor como estrategia para conservar y gestionar los bosques de un modo sostenible. En este artículo se revisan los sistemas de valoración de los servicios ambientales de los bosques y su comercialización, concluyendo con algunas observaciones sobre las dificultades de su implementación práctica y el papel que puedan desempeñar en el futuro de los bosques

Evaluation of the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) estuarine-wild from southern Sinaloa and northern Nayarit by microbiological analysis and PCR

Given the incidence of human poisonings attributed to raw shrimp consumption in southern of Sinaloa and northern of Nayarit in recent years, white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was sampled from three wildestuaries where it’s been captured and one sample was taken from a sale center in order to determine the possible presence of toxigenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, from May to December of 2012. Samples were analyzed by Biochemical test and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), they were also tested for the specific an toxicological identification, using molecular oligo nucleotides markers tlh, tdh and trh. The number of positives results were recorded to a table of most probable number (MPN).The number of samples positive for V. parahaemolyticus, weren’t toxigenic and it was demonstrated that they were below the limit established in the Mexican Official Standard NOM-242-SSA1-2009. In conclusion, the present study revealed that consumption of raw shrimp from the dates and sites sampled did not show to be a risk for human gastrointestinal diseases

Antecedents and consequences of bank reputation: a comparison of the United Kingdom and Spain

Purpose: – The purpose of this paper is to identify the key antecedents and consequences of bank reputation and whether their relative importance varies across countries. Design /methodological approach – The sample consists of 900 bank customers, representative of the national populations in the United Kingdom (500) and Spain (400), two of the countries in which the weight of the financial system on the GDP is much bigger than that of other European countries. The research hypotheses were tested by conducting a multi-group analysis with covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM). Findings: – In contrast with previous studies, it was discovered that the most important cognitive antecedent of banks’ reputation is reliability/financial strength. This study reinforces the prominence of satisfaction as a key emotional aspect of reputation. Differences between the United Kingdom and Spain were found in the impact of employer branding and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The positive effect of bank reputation on consumer behaviour (loyalty and word of mouth) and the existence of cross-country differences as regards loyalty were also confirmed. Originality/value: – This is a systematic cross-country analysis of corporate reputation which includes not only cognitive antecedents but also emotional determinants that have been repeatedly ignored. This paper sheds light on whether the antecedents and consequences of corporate reputation vary across countries. The choice of the banking sector provides a unique opportunity to observe the determinants and outcomes of corporate reputation following an unstable time in the banking sector

Canalopatías en la epilepsia idiopática monogénica en perros

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder both dogs and humans. Nevertheless, unlike occurs in humans, in dogs it is a badly characterized disease. In humans, it is known from some time ago, that some idiopathic epilepsies present patterns of mendelian inheritance, i.e., caused by the mutation in single genes. The majority of these mutations are in genes codifying by ion channels, being consider as channelopathies. In dogs, the predisposition of some breeds to suffer the disease has aimed to some research groups to study the hereditary basis of idiopathic epilepsy. This review summarizes some aspects relating to the interest to tackle the study of channelopathies in monogenic idiopathic epilepsy in dogs and shows its potential as future diagnostic or therapeutic targets.La epilepsia es una alteración neurológica común tanto en perros como en personas. Sin embargo, al contrario de lo que ocurre en estos últimos, en los perros es una enfermedad mal caracterizada. En personas, se conoce desde hace tiempo que algunas epilepsias idiopáticas, presentan patrones de herencia mendeliana, es decir, causadas por la mutación en un único gen. La mayoría de estas mutaciones ocurren en genes que codifican para canales iónicos, por lo que son consideradas como canalopatías. En perros, la predisposición de algunas razas a padecer la enfermedad ha animado a algunos grupos de investigación a estudiar los patrones de herencia de la epilepsia idiopática. Esta revisión resume algunos aspectos relativos al interés de abordar el estudio de la implicación de canalopatías en la epilepsia idiomática monogénica en perros y presenta su potencial como futuras dianas tanto de diagnóstico como terapéuticas

Outer Regions of the Milky Way

With the start of the Gaia era, the time has come to address the major challenge of deriving the star formation history and evolution of the disk of our MilkyWay. Here we review our present knowledge of the outer regions of the Milky Way disk population. Its stellar content, its structure and its dynamical and chemical evolution are summarized, focussing on our lack of understanding both from an observational and a theoretical viewpoint. We describe the unprecedented data that Gaia and the upcoming ground-based spectroscopic surveys will provide in the next decade. More in detail, we quantify the expect accuracy in position, velocity and astrophysical parameters of some of the key tracers of the stellar populations in the outer Galactic disk. Some insights on the future capability of these surveys to answer crucial and fundamental issues are discussed, such as the mechanisms driving the spiral arms and the warp formation. Our Galaxy, theMilkyWay, is our cosmological laboratory for understanding the process of formation and evolution of disk galaxies. What we learn in the next decades will be naturally transferred to the extragalactic domain.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, Invited review, Book chapter in "Outskirts of Galaxies", Eds. J. H. Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Springer, in pres