The news of the “Ethics of the Virtues” of tomas de aquino (1224-1274)

Nesta pesquisa investigou-se como se forma o pensamento ético e moral de Tomás de Aquino desde o agir do homem particular até sua psicologia, vista aqui não de modo científico como atualmente, mas de modo metafísico, o qual abarca um estudo sobre a alma humana. Ora, toda a ação externa do homem não difere de sua estrutura interior, ou seja, suas ações exteriores são reflexos de uma vida interna, uma estrutura constitutiva do próprio ser, que é gerida e governada pelas suas mais altas potências: o intelecto e a vontade. Todas as suas operações andam como que de mãos dadas, sua vida prática nada mais é do que a continuação de seu agir individual e para os outros com quem convive. Assim, este estudo pretende observar o que compõe o agir moral e, depois, um vislumbre da composição da psique desde o ponto de vista tomista, bem como uma correta ordenação das potências anímicas de ordem moral pela consecução do amor como ferramenta ordenadora. Na presente pesquisa adota-se como método a análise das fontes tomasianas mais intimamente ligadas ao tema proposto, principalmente a Suma Teológica e a Suma contra os gentios. A raiz antitomista da modernidade filosófica (2018) que juntamente com A ética das virtudes segundo Tomás de Aquino (2017), o livro De Aristóteles a Freud (2019) e o livro Cosmogonia da desordem: exegese do declínio espiritual do ocidente, do professor Sidney Silveira, compõem o arcabouço teorético deste trabalho. Através desta pesquisa pretende-se verificar a concepção de homem na visão tomasiana e observar, deste modo, como uma antropologia metafísica contribui para se pensar o homem na contemporaneidade bem como indicações de possíveis soluções para um sem número de problemas de ordem psíquica e moral.In this research, it was investigated how Thomas Aquinas' ethical and moral thought is formed from the action of the particular man to his psychology, seen here not in a scientific way as currently, but in a metaphysical way, which includes a study on the human soul . Now, all the external action of man does not differ from his inner structure, that is, his outer actions are reflections of an internal life, a constitutive structure of his own being, which is managed and governed by his highest powers: the intellect and the will. All his operations go hand in hand, his practical life is nothing more than the continuation of his individual action and for others with whom he lives. Thus, this study intends to observe what makes up moral action and, afterwards, a glimpse of the composition of the psyche from the Thomist point of view, as well as a correct ordering of the moral powers of the moral order by achieving love as an ordering tool. In the present research, the analysis of the Thomasian sources most closely linked to the proposed theme is adopted as a method, mainly Summa Theológica and Summa su Gentiles. The antitomist root of philosophical modernity (2018) which together with The ethics of virtues according to Thomas Aquinas (2017), the book From Aristotle to Freud (2019) and the book Cosmogony of disorder: exegesis of the spiritual decline of the west, by Professor Sidney Silveira, make up the theoretical framework of this work. Through this research it is intended to verify the conception of man in the Thomasian view and observe, in this way, how a metaphysical anthropology contributes to thinking about man in contemporary times as well as indications of possible solutions for any number of psychological and moral problems

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq