Utilizing Eco-Zno from green synthesis of Musa Acuminata peels and graphene oxide for removal of Cephalexin (CFX) antibiotic in water

Cephalexin (CFX) antibiotic concentration has been used as a marker for identifying emerging pollutants (EPs) in the non-medical setting due to its significant ability to cause antimicrobial resistance with the highest risk quotient. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of Eco-Zinc Oxide-Graphene Oxide (Eco-ZnO/GO) nanocomposite (NC) from green synthesis of Musa Acuminata by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The focus of the study is to optimize the efficiency of Eco-ZnO/GO NC from green synthesis of M. Acuminata for removal of CFX by using adsorption. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) will be used as well to analyzed the adsorbent dosage, irradiation time, and pH value to obtain the optimum condition of the efficiency of Eco-ZnO/GO for the removal of CFX. The average particle sizes for Eco-ZnO and GO were determined to be 10 nm and 300 nm, respectively, by using FESEM. It is deduced that the optimization factors of adsorbent dosage to 100 mg/L, irradiation time to 120 min, and intial concentration of CFX to 100 mg/L could achieve the mean removal of CFX by 22.17 %. The study contributed to the new knowledge of using nanocomposite materials to remove CFX in the water. However, more thorough studies are needed to obtain higher removal capacit

Cephalexin Adsorption by Acidic Pretreated Jackfruit Adsorbent: A Deep Learning Prediction Model Study

This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this recordCephalexin (CFX) residues in the environment represent a major threat to human health worldwide. Herein we investigate the use of novel approaches in deep learning in order to understand the mechanisms and optimal conditions for the sorption of cephalexin in water onto an acidic pretreated jackfruit peel adsorbent (APJPA). The interaction between the initial concentration of CFX (10–50 mg/100 mL), APJAP dosage (3–10 mg/100 mL), time (10–60 min), and the pH (4–9), was simulated using the one-factor-at-a-time method. APJPA was characterized by FESEM images showing that APJPA exhibits a smooth surface devoid of pores. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of -C-O, C–H, C=C, and -COOH bonds within the APJPA. Maximum removal was recorded with 6.5 mg/100 mL of APJAP dosage, pH 6.5, after 35 min and with 25 mg/100 mL of CFX, at which the predicted and actual adsorption were 96.08 and 98.25%, respectively. The simulation results show that the dosage of APJAP exhibits a high degree of influence on the maximum adsorption of CFX removal (100%) between 2 and 8 mg dose/100 mL. The highest adsorption capacity of APJAP was 384.62 mg CFX/g. The simulation for the effect of pH determined that the best pH for the CFX adsorption lies between pH 5 and 8.Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE)Royal SocietyKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabi

An overview of the utilisation of microalgae biomass derived from nutrient recycling of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater

Microalgae have high nutritional values for aquatic organisms compared to fish meal, because microalgae cells are rich in proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. However, the high cost for the commercial production of microalgae biomass using fresh water or artificial media limits its use as fish feed. Few studies have investigated the potential of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater for the production of microalgae biomass. Hence, this study aims to highlight the potential of these types of wastewater as an alternative superior medium for microalgae biomass as they contain high levels of nutrients required for microalgae growth. This paper focuses on the benefits of microalgae biomass produced during the phycore-mediation of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater as fish feed. The extraction techniques for lipids and proteins as well as the studies conducted on the use of microalgae biomass as fish feed were reviewed. The results showed that microalgae biomass can be used as fish feed due to feed utilisation efficiency, physiological activity, increased resistance for several diseases, improved stress response, and improved protein retention

Efficiency of

Laundry wastewater has simple characteristics in which the detergents compounds are the main constitutes. But these compounds have adverse effects on the aquatic organisms in the natural water bodies which received these wastes without treatment. Few studies were conducted on these wastes because it represent a small part of the total wastewater generated from different human activities. Moreover, the coagulation process for laundry wastewater might be effective to remove of detergents compounds. Therefore, in the present study, the efficiency of coagulation process by using chemical (ferrous sulphate) and natural coagulants (Moringa oleifera seeds) were investigated. The raw laundry wastewater samples were collected from laundromat located at Taman Universiti, Parit Raja. The characteristics of these wastes were determined and then the wastewater was subjected for the treatment process consisted of three units including aeration, coagulation and sedimentation process. The chemical and natural coagulants were used with four dosage (30, 60, 90 and 120 mg L−1) and the coagulation process was carried out at room temperature (25±2ºC) for one hour. The results revealed that the laundry wastewater have high concentrations of turbidity (57.8-68.1 NTU) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (423-450 mg L−1) with pH value between 7.96 and 8.37. M. oleifera seeds exhibited high efficiency for removal of turbidity (83.63%) with 120 mg L−1 of dosage, while 30 mg L−1 of FeSO4 was the best for removal of COD (54.18%). However, both parameters still more than Standard B for wastewater disposal suggesting the need to increase the period of coagulation process with M. oleifera seeds or to subject of the treated effluents for a secondary coagulation process with natural coagulant products to improve the characteristics of laundry wastewater without a secondary products as that generated with the chemical coagulants

Efficiency of Moringa oleifera Seeds for Treatment of Laundry Wastewater

Laundry wastewater has simple characteristics in which the detergents compounds are the main constitutes. But these compounds have adverse effects on the aquatic organisms in the natural water bodies which received these wastes without treatment. Few studies were conducted on these wastes because it represent a small part of the total wastewater generated from different human activities. Moreover, the coagulation process for laundry wastewater might be effective to remove of detergents compounds. Therefore, in the present study, the efficiency of coagulation process by using chemical (ferrous sulphate) and natural coagulants (Moringa oleifera seeds) were investigated. The raw laundry wastewater samples were collected from laundromat located at Taman Universiti, Parit Raja. The characteristics of these wastes were determined and then the wastewater was subjected for the treatment process consisted of three units including aeration, coagulation and sedimentation process. The chemical and natural coagulants were used with four dosage (30, 60, 90 and 120 mg L−1) and the coagulation process was carried out at room temperature (25±2ºC) for one hour. The results revealed that the laundry wastewater have high concentrations of turbidity (57.8-68.1 NTU) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (423-450 mg L−1) with pH value between 7.96 and 8.37. M. oleifera seeds exhibited high efficiency for removal of turbidity (83.63%) with 120 mg L−1 of dosage, while 30 mg L−1 of FeSO4 was the best for removal of COD (54.18%). However, both parameters still more than Standard B for wastewater disposal suggesting the need to increase the period of coagulation process with M. oleifera seeds or to subject of the treated effluents for a secondary coagulation process with natural coagulant products to improve the characteristics of laundry wastewater without a secondary products as that generated with the chemical coagulants

Efficiency of moringa oleifera seeds for treatment of laundry wastewater

Laundry wastewater has simple characteristics in which the detergents compounds are the main constitutes. But these compounds have adverse effects on the aquatic organisms in the natural water bodies which received these wastes without treatment. Few studies were conducted on these wastes because it represent a small part of the total wastewater generated from different human activities. Moreover, the coagulation process for laundry wastewater might be effective to remove of detergents compounds. Therefore, in the present study, the efficiency of coagulation process by using chemical (ferrous sulphate) and natural coagulants (Moringa oleifera seeds) were investigated. The raw laundry wastewater samples were collected from laundromat located at Taman Universiti, Parit Raja. The characteristics of these wastes were determined and then the wastewater was subjected for the treatment process consisted of three units including aeration, coagulation and sedimentation process. The chemical and natural coagulants were used with four dosage (30, 60, 90 and 120 mg L-1) and the coagulation process was carried out at room temperature (25±2ºC) for one hour. The results revealed that the laundry wastewater have high concentrations of turbidity (57.8-68.1 NTU) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (423-450 mg L-1) with pH value between 7.96 and 8.37. M. oleifera seeds exhibited high efficiency for removal of turbidity (83.63%) with 120 mg L-1 of dosage, while 30 mg L-1 of FeSO4 was the best for removal of COD (54.18%). However, both parameters still more than Standard B for wastewater disposal suggesting the need to increase the period of coagulation process with M. oleifera seeds or to subject of the treated effluents for a secondary coagulation process with natural coagulant products to improve the characteristics of laundry wastewater without a secondary products as that generated with the chemical coagulants