Profiling Dizziness in Older Primary Care Patients: An Empirical Study

The diagnostic approach to dizzy, older patients is not straightforward as many organ systems can be involved and evidence for diagnostic strategies is lacking. A first differentiation in diagnostic subtypes or profiles may guide the diagnostic process of dizziness and can serve as a classification system in future research. In the literature this has been done, but based on pathophysiological reasoning only

Utilisation of an operative difficulty grading scale for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets. Methods Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendall’s tau for dichotomous variables, or Jonckheere–Terpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis. Results A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both p < 0.001). In the CholeS cohort, a higher difficulty grade was found to be most strongly associated with conversion to open and 30-day mortality (AUROC = 0.903, 0.822, respectively). On multivariable analysis, the Nassar operative difficultly scale was found to be a significant independent predictor of operative duration, conversion to open surgery, 30-day complications and 30-day reintervention (all p < 0.001). Conclusion We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty

Tumor marker utility and prognostic relevance of cathepsin B, cathepsin L, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, CEA and CA 19-9 in colorectal cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cathepsin B and L (CATB, CATL), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 play an important role in colorectal cancer invasion. The tumor marker utility and prognostic relevance of these proteases have not been evaluated in the same experimental setting and compared with that of CEA and CA-19-9.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Protease, CEA and CA 19-9 serum or plasma levels were determined in 56 patients with colorectal cancer, 25 patients with ulcerative colitis, 26 patients with colorectal adenomas and 35 tumor-free control patients. Protease, CEA, CA 19-9 levels have been determined by ELISA and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively; their sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy have been calculated and correlated with clinicopathological staging.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The protease antigen levels were significantly higher in colorectal cancer compared with other groups. Sensitivity of PAI-1 (94%), CATB (82%), uPA (69%), CATL (41%) were higher than those of CEA or CA 19-9 (30% and 18%, respectively). PAI-1, CATB and uPA demonstrated a better accuracy than CEA or CA 19-9. A combination of PAI-1 with CATB or uPA exhibited the highest sensitivity value (98%). High CATB, PAI-1, CEA and CA 19-9 levels correlated with advanced Dukes stages. CATB (<it>P </it>= 0.0004), CATL (<it>P </it>= 0.02), PAI-1 (<it>P </it>= 0.01) and CA 19-9 (<it>P </it>= 0.004) had a significant prognostic impact. PAI-1 (<it>P </it>= 0.001), CATB (<it>P </it>= 0.04) and CA 19-9 (<it>P </it>= 0.02) proved as independent prognostic variables.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>At the time of clinical detection proteases are more sensitive indicators for colorectal cancer than the commonly used tumor markers. Determinations of CATB, CATL and PAI-1 have a major prognostic impact in patients with colorectal cancer.</p

Population‐based cohort study of outcomes following cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases

Background The aim was to describe the management of benign gallbladder disease and identify characteristics associated with all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and complications in a prospective population‐based cohort. Methods Data were collected on consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and complications were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two‐level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2). Results Data were collected on 8909 patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 167 hospitals. Some 1451 cholecystectomies (16·3 per cent) were performed as an emergency, 4165 (46·8 per cent) as elective operations, and 3293 patients (37·0 per cent) had had at least one previous emergency admission, but had surgery on a delayed basis. The readmission and complication rates at 30 days were 7·1 per cent (633 of 8909) and 10·8 per cent (962 of 8909) respectively. Both readmissions and complications were independently associated with increasing ASA fitness grade, duration of surgery, and increasing numbers of emergency admissions with gallbladder disease before cholecystectomy. No identifiable hospital characteristics were linked to readmissions and complications. Conclusion Readmissions and complications following cholecystectomy are common and associated with patient and disease characteristics

Promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis-recent advances

We review the current state of knowledge of remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), concentrating on advances in the understanding of the pathology and the regenerative response, and we summarise progress on the development of new therapies to enhance remyelination aimed at reducing progressive accumulation of disability in MS. We discuss key target pathways identified in experimental models, as although most identified targets have not yet progressed to the stage of being tested in human clinical trials, they may provide treatment strategies for demyelinating diseases in the future. Finally, we discuss some of the problems associated with testing this class of drugs, where they might fit into the therapeutic arsenal and the gaps in our knowledge

Equilíbrio no idoso Balance in the elderly

Com o passar dos anos, o organismo humano passa por um processo natural de envelhecimento, gerando modificações funcionais e estruturais no organismo. As vias responsáveis pelo equilíbrio corporal também sofrem com o processo do envelhecimento, gerando grande impacto para os idosos. OBJETIVO: Assim, o presente trabalho objetiva estudar a função vestibular de idosos em função das queixas de tontura, zumbido e dificuldade auditiva. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 80 idosos de dois grupos distintos: Grupo A - composto por 38 mulheres e dois homens pertencentes a um grupo de terceira idade; e Grupo B: composto por 35 mulheres e cinco homens com queixas efetivas de alterações do equilíbrio corporal. RESULTADO: Os idosos foram submetidos à anamnese, sendo investigados prioritariamente aspectos relativos a tontura, zumbido e dificuldade auditiva; e à avaliação vestibular, realizada por intermédio do sistema computadorizado de vecto-eletronistagmografia SCV 5.0. Os resultados demonstram uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, no que diz respeito às queixas de tontura e zumbido, as quais prevaleceram nos indivíduos do grupo B. Na hipótese diagnóstica predominante à vecto-eletronistagmografia computadorizada constatou-se que a maioria dos idosos apresentou diagnóstico normal, porém verificou-se a prevalência de alterações vestibulares nos idosos como Síndrome vestibular periférica deficitária e Síndrome vestibular periférica irritativa. Não se observou sinais patognomônicos de alterações centrais ao exame vestibular. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que as alterações vestibulares à Vecto-eletronistagmografia, em função das queixas de tontura, zumbido e dificuldade auditiva, são numericamente semelhantes no Grupo de Terceira Idade e no Grupo de idosos com queixas efetivas de alterações do equilíbrio corporal.<br>Throughout the years, the human organism goes through natural aging, having functional and structural changes. The part responsible for the corporal balance system also suffers from the aging process, creating great impact for the elderly. AIM: Thus, the present paper aims at studying the vestibular function of old people suffering from dizziness, tinnitus and hearing impairment. STUDY DESIGN: transversal cohort. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eighty elderly individuals from two different groups were evaluated: group A - comprising 38 women and 2 men who belonged to an elderly group from Santa Maria, RS; and group B - comprising 35 women and 5 men with complaints of balance disorders. RESULTS: Both groups underwent anamnesis (directed to aspects concerning dizziness, tinnitus and hearing impairment), and vestibular function evaluation (by using the computerized system of vecto-electronystagmography SCV 5.0). The results showed statistical significant difference between both groups, concerning the complaints of dizziness and tinnitus, which were more prevalent in group B. The computerized eletronystagmography revealed that most individuals had normal diagnosis; however, there was predominance of vestibular disorders in the elderly, such as Deficit Peripheral Vestibular Syndrome and Irritative Peripheral Vestibular Syndrome. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that vestibular disorders, according to vecto-electronystagmography, and complaints of dizziness, tinnitus and hearing impairment, were numerically similar in both studied groups

PROPER I: frequency and appropriateness of psychotropic drugs use in nursing home patients and its associations: a study protocol.

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