A tachyonic scalar field with mutually interacting components

We investigate the tachyonic cosmological potential $V(\phi)$ in two different cases of the quasi-exponential expansion of universe and discuss various forms of interaction between the two components---matter and the cosmological constant--- of the tachyonic scalar field, which leads to the viable solutions of their respective energy densities. The distinction among the interaction forms is shown to appear in the $O_{m}(x)$ diagnostic. Further, the role of the high- and low-redshift observations of the Hubble parameter is discussed to determine the proportionality constants and hence the correct form of matter--cosmological constant interaction.Comment: 14 page

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Not AvailableAn on-farm trial (OFT) was conducted at three farmer's field with three treatments in Lunawas Khara village of Luni Panchayat Samiti in Jodhpur district of Rajasthan during rabi 2011-12 to 2012-13 to assess the impact of line sowing in improving the productivity of cumin (variety GC-4). Technological intervention of line sowing was compared with recommended practice and existing farmers practice for yield maximisation and economic returns from cumin under irrigated condition on sandy loam soil. Results of the study revealed that yield attributes in terms of branches plant', umbels plant', umblets plant' and grain yield plant' increased by 43, 78, 51, and 77%, respectively with technological intervention of line sowing over farmers practice. The grain yield was increased from 458 to 810 kg had during 2011-12 and 502 to 888 kg had during 2012-13 with the technological intervention. The mean grain yield was recorded 77% higher than the farmers practice (480 kg had).Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThis study aims to evaluate the influence of different carbohydrate sources on water quality, growth performance and immunomodulation in pacific white shrimp and to find an alternate for molasses in biofloc system. The experiment consists of 8 biofloc treatments with different carbon sources, C1 (maida flour), C2 (wheat flour), C3 (gram flour), C4 (millet flour), C5 (rice flour), C6 (corn flour), C7 (molasses), C8 (multigrain flour) and un-supplemented control C0 was conducted in 200 L tank system for 120 days. Shrimp juveniles of average weight 1 g were stocked at the rate of 300 nos/m3. Shrimp reared in C8, C7 and C4 treatments had similar growth, survival rate, and disease resistance and were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than other treatments including control. Immune parameters like total hemocyte count (THC) and prophenoloxidase (ProPO) activity showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels in biofloc treatment groups. The genes targeting the proPO cascade (PX, BGBP) and antioxidant defense systems (SOD, MnSOD, CAT) revealed significant upregulation in the transcript levels indicating an enhancement in the immune-regulatory functions in the BFT groups. The results suggest that millets and multigrain flour can effectively replace molasses as the carbohydrate source for biofloc system and the biofloc system offers higher growth, survival, and immunomodulation than control.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableShrimp aquaculture demands technological advancement that boosts production and environmental sustainability. This study evaluated and compared the growth performance and innate immunity of two species of shrimp (Pacific White shrimp Penaeus vannamei and India white shrimp Penaeus indicus) reared under biofloc technology with different dietary protein levels (Low-25%, Medium-30% and High-35%). As prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity is an important parameter in immune response of shrimp, we focused on the dynamics of prophenoloxidase induced by three different activators (Sodium dodecyle sulfate, (SDS, Trypsin & Laminarin)). At the end of the experiment, the effect of activators on proPO activity in serum, plasma and hemocyte lysate (HLS) was evaluated in both the species under conventional and biofloc systems with graded proteins. This experiment lasted for a month as nursery rearing followed by 60 days of grow-out culture. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in growth performances of both the species reared under biofloc, whereas control group exhibited lower growth. Significantly higher average body weight (ABW), survival and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in medium protein groups reared under biofloc than the other biofloc groups and control. The medium protein groups also showed significantly lower (p < 0.01) TAN, NO2–N, and NO3–N levels compared to other treatments and the control exhibited considerably higher TAN, NO2–N and NO3–N levels. The proPO activity in serum of both the shrimps were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control in which highest proPO activity was observed in SDS activated groups irrespective of the graded protein levels. A similar trend was observed in the plasma of P. indicus in which SDS activated group fed with high protein level showed highest proPO activity, whereas in plasma of P. vannamei trypsin activated groups fed with low protein level showed higher proPO activity than SDS and laminarin activated groups. The HLS of P. vannamei showed highest proPO functioning in trypsin activated group fed with high protein level, whereas in P. indicus, the highest proPO activity was observed in SDS activated group fed with high protein diet. Though in many cases, the groups fed with high protein diet showed highest proPO activity, the low protein and the medium protein groups also exhibited upregulation in the immune response parameter reared under biofloc irrespective of the species. SOD activity of the hemocytes were influenced by different dietary protein levels and better inhibition was observed in HP when compared to control and other treated groups. Thus the native non-SPF Indian white shrimp P. indicus has comparable potential as the SPF Pacific white shrimp P. vannamei in terms of innate immunity, immune response, and growth when reared under biofloc conditions.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableShrimp aquaculture demands technological advancement that boosts production and environmental sustainability. This study evaluated and compared the growth performance and innate immunity of two species of shrimp (Pacific White shrimp Penaeus vannamei and India white shrimp Penaeus indicus) reared under biofloc technology with different dietary protein levels (Low-25%, Medium-30% and High-35%). As prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity is an important parameter in immune response of shrimp, we focused on the dynamics of prophenoloxidase induced by three different activators (Sodium dodecyle sulfate), (SDS, Trypsin & Laminarin). At the end of the experiment, the effect of activators on proPO activity in serum, plasma and hemocyte lysate (HLS) was evaluated in both the species under conventional and biofloc systems with graded proteins. This experiment lasted for a month as nursery rearing followed by 60 days of grow-out culture. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in growth performances of both the species reared under biofloc, whereas control group exhibited lower growth. Significantly higher average body weight (ABW), survival and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in medium protein groups reared under biofloc than the other biofloc groups and control. The medium protein groups also showed significantly lower (p < 0.01) TAN, NO2–N, and NO3–N levels compared to other treatments and the control exhibited considerably higher TAN, NO2–N and NO3–N levels. The proPO activity in serum of both the shrimps were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control in which highest proPO activity was observed in SDS activated groups irrespective of the graded protein levels. A similar trend was observed in the plasma of P. indicus in which SDS activated group fed with high protein level showed highest proPO activity, whereas in plasma of P. vannamei trypsin activated groups fed with low protein level showed higher proPO activity than SDS and laminarin activated groups. The HLS of P. vannamei showed highest proPO functioning in trypsin activated group fed with high protein level, whereas in P. indicus, the highest proPO activity was observed in SDS activated group fed with high protein diet. Though in many cases, the groups fed with high protein diet showed highest proPO activity, the low protein and the medium protein groups also exhibited upregulation in the immune response parameter reared under biofloc irrespective of the species. SOD activity of the hemocytes were influenced by different dietary protein levels and better inhibition was observed in HP when compared to control and other treated groups. Thus the native non-SPF Indian white shrimp P. indicus has comparable potential as the SPF Pacific white shrimp P. vannamei in terms of innate immunity, immune response, and growth when reared under biofloc conditions.Not Availabl