String Effects on Fermi--Dirac Correlation Measurements

We investigate some recent measurements of Fermi--Dirac correlations by the LEP collaborations indicating surprisingly small source radii for the production of baryons in $e^+e^-$-annihilation at the $Z^0$ peak. In the hadronization models there are besides the Fermi--Dirac correlation effect also a strong dynamical (anti-)correlation. We demonstrate that the extraction of the pure FD effect is highly dependent on a realistic Monte Carlo event generator, both for separation of those dynamical correlations which are not related to Fermi--Dirac statistics, and for corrections of the data and background subtractions. Although the model can be tuned to well reproduce single particle distributions, there are large model-uncertainties when it comes to correlations between identical baryons. We therefore, unfortunately, have to conclude that it is at present not possible to make any firm conclusion about the source radii relevant for baryon production at LEP

Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the `ankle' in the cosmic-ray spectrum

We report a first measurement for ultra-high energy cosmic rays of the correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux. Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around the `ankle' at $\lg(E/{\rm eV})=18.5-19.0$ differs significantly from expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass $A > 4$. Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are thus disfavoured as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray flux at Earth.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe

Astrophysical Interpretation Of Pierre Auger Observatory Measurements Of The Uhecr Energy Spectrum And Mass Composition

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The Pierre Auger Observatory Status And Latest Results

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Evidence For A Mixed Mass Composition At The ‘ankle’ In The Cosmic-ray Spectrum

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Exploiting the radio signal from air showers: The AERA progress

none424noneRevenu B.; Aab A.; Abreu P.; Aglietta M.; Ahn E.J.; Al Samarai I.; Albuquerque I.F.M.; Allekotte I.; Allison P.; Almela A.; Alvarez Castillo J.; Alvarez-Muniz J.; Ambrosio M.; Anastasi G.A.; Anchordoqui L.; Andrada B.; Andringa S.; Aramo C.; Arqueros F.; Arsene N.; Asorey H.; Assis P.; Aublin J.; Avila G.; Badescu A.M.; Balaceanu A.; Baus C.; Beatty J.J.; Becker K.H.; Bellido J.A.; Berat C.; Bertaina M.E.; Bertou X.; Biermann P.L.; Billoir P.; Biteau J.; Blaess S.G.; Blanco A.; Blazek J.; Bleve C.; Bohacova M.; Boncioli D.; Bonifazi C.; Borodai N.; Botti A.M.; Brack J.; Brancus I.; Bretz T.; Bridgeman A.; Briechle F.L.; Buchholz P.; Bueno A.; Buitink S.; Buscemi M.; Caballero-Mora K.S.; Caccianiga B.; Caccianiga L.; Cancio A.; Canfora F.; Caramete L.; Caruso R.; Castellina A.; Cataldi G.; Cazon L.; Cester R.; Chavez A.G.; Chiavassa A.; Chinellato J.A.; Chudoba J.; Clay R.W.; Colalillo R.; Coleman A.; Collica L.; Coluccia M.R.; Conceicao R.; Contreras F.; Cooper M.J.; Coutu S.; Covault C.E.; Cronin J.; Dallier R.; D'Amico S.; Daniel B.; Dasso S.; Daumiller K.; Dawson B.R.; De Almeida R.M.; De Jong S.J.; De Mauro G.; De Mello Neto J.R.T.; De Mitri I.; De Oliveira J.; De Souza V.; Debatin J.; Del Peral L.; Deligny O.; Di Giulio C.; Di Matteo A.; Diaz Castro M.L.; Diogo F.; Dobrigkeit C.; D'Olivo J.C.; Dorofeev A.; Dos Anjos R.C.; Dova M.T.; Dundovic A.; Ebr J.; Engel R.; Erdmann M.; Erfani M.; Escobar C.O.; Espadanal J.; Etchegoyen A.; Falcke H.; Fang K.; Farrar G.; Fauth A.C.; Fazzini N.; Fick B.; Figueira J.M.; Filevich A.; Filipcic A.; Fratu O.; Freire M.M.; Fujii T.; Fuster A.; Garcia B.; Garcia-Pinto D.; Gate F.; Gemmeke H.; Gherghel-Lascu A.; Ghia P.L.; Giaccari U.; Giammarchi M.; Giller M.; Glas D.; Glaser C.; Glass H.; Golup G.; Gomez Berisso M.; Gomez Vitale P.F.; Gonzalez N.; Gookin B.; Gordon J.; Gorgi A.; Gorham P.; Gouffon P.; Grillo A.F.; Grubb T.D.; Guarino F.; Guedes G.P.; Hampel M.R.; Hansen P.; Harari D.; Harrison T.A.; Harton J.L.; Hasankiadeh Q.; Haungs A.; Hebbeker T.; Heck D.; Heimann P.; Herve A.E.; Hill G.C.; Hojvat C.; Holt E.; Homola P.; Horandel J.R.; Horvath P.; Hrabovsky M.; Huege T.; Hulsman J.; Insolia A.; Isar P.G.; Jandt I.; Jansen S.; Johnsen J.A.; Josebachuili M.; Kaapa A.; Kambeitz O.; Kampert K.H.; Kasper P.; Katkov I.; Keilhauer B.; Kemp E.; Kieckhafer R.M.; Klages H.O.; Kleifges M.; Kleinfeller J.; Krause R.; Krohm N.; Kuempel D.; Kukec Mezek G.; Kunka N.; Kuotb Awad A.; LaHurd D.; Latronico L.; Lauscher M.; Lautridou P.; Lebrun P.; Legumina R.; Leigui De Oliveira M.A.; Letessier-Selvon A.; Lhenry-Yvon I.; Link K.; Lopes L.; Lopez R.; Lopez Casado A.; Luce Q.; Lucero A.; Malacari M.; Mallamaci M.; Mandat D.; Mantsch P.; Mariazzi A.G.; Maris I.C.; Marsella G.; Martello D.; Martinez H.; Martinez Bravo O.; Masias Meza J.J.; Mathes H.J.; Mathys S.; Matthews J.; Matthews J.A.J.; Matthiae G.; Mayotte E.; Mazur P.O.; Medina C.; Medina-Tanco G.; Melo D.; Menshikov A.; Messina S.; Micheletti M.I.; Middendorf L.; Minaya I.A.; Miramonti L.; Mitrica B.; Mockler D.; Molina-Bueno L.; Mollerach S.; Montanet F.; Morello C.; Mostafa M.; Muller G.; Muller M.A.; Muller S.; Naranjo I.; Navas S.; Nellen L.; Neuser J.; Nguyen P.H.; Niculescu-Oglinzanu M.; Niechciol M.; Niemietz L.; Niggemann T.; Nitz D.; Nosek D.; Novotny V.; Nozka H.; Nunez L.A.; Ochilo L.; Oikonomou F.; Olinto A.; Pakk Selmi-Dei D.; Palatka M.; Pallotta J.; Papenbreer P.; Parente G.; Parra A.; Paul T.; Pech M.; Pedreira F.; Pekala J.; Pelayo R.; Pena-Rodriguez J.; Pereira L.A.S.; Perrone L.; Peters C.; Petrera S.; Phuntsok J.; Piegaia R.; Pierog T.; Pieroni P.; Pimenta M.; Pirronello V.; Platino M.; Plum M.; Porowski C.; Prado R.R.; Privitera P.; Prouza M.; Quel E.J.; Querchfeld S.; Quinn S.; Ramos-Pollant R.; Rautenberg J.; Ravel O.; Ravignani D.; Reinert D.; Ridky J.; Risse M.; Ristori P.; Rizi V.; De Carvalho W.R.; Rodriguez Fernandez G.; Rodriguez Rojo J.; Rodriguez-Frias M.D.; Rogozin D.; Rosado J.; Roth M.; Roulet E.; Rovero A.C.; Saffi S.J.; Saftoiu A.; Salazar H.; Saleh A.; Salesa Greus F.; Salina G.; Sanabria Gomez J.D.; Sanchez F.; Sanchez-Lucas P.; Santos E.M.; Santos E.; Sarazin F.; Sarkar B.; Sarmento R.; Sarmiento-Cano C.; Sato R.; Scarso C.; Schauer M.; Scherini V.; Schieler H.; Schmidt D.; Scholten O.; Schovanek P.; Schroder F.G.; Schulz A.; Schulz J.; Schumacher J.; Sciutto S.J.; Segreto A.; Settimo M.; Shadkam A.; Shellard R.C.; Sigl G.; Silli G.; Sima O.; Smialkowski A.; Smida R.; Snow G.R.; Sommers P.; Sonntag S.; Sorokin J.; Squartini R.; Stanca D.; Stanic S.; Stasielak J.; Strafella F.; Suarez F.; Suarez Duran M.; Sudholz T.; Suomijarvi T.; Supanitsky A.D.; Sutherland M.S.; Swain J.; Szadkowski Z.; Taborda O.A.; Tapia A.; Tepe A.; Theodoro V.M.; Timmermans C.; Todero Peixoto C.J.; Tomankova L.; Tome B.; Tonachini A.; Torralba Elipe G.; Torres Machado D.; Torri M.; Travnicek P.; Trini M.; Ulrich R.; Unger M.; Urban M.; Valbuena-Delgado A.; Valdes Galicia J.F.; Valino I.; Valore L.; Van Aar G.; Van Bodegom P.; Van Den Berg A.M.; Van Vliet A.; Varela E.; Vargas Cardenas B.; Varner G.; Vazquez J.R.; Vazquez R.A.; Veberic D.; Verzi V.; Vicha J.; Villasenor L.; Vorobiov S.; Wahlberg H.; Wainberg O.; Walz D.; Watson A.A.; Weber M.; Weindl A.; Wiencke L.; Wilczynski H.; Winchen T.; Wittkowski D.; Wundheiler B.; Wykes S.; Yang L.; Yelos D.; Yushkov A.; Zas E.; Zavrtanik D.; Zavrtanik M.; Zepeda A.; Zimmermann B.; Ziolkowski M.; Zong Z.; Zuccarello F.Revenu, B.; Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Ahn, E. J.; Al Samarai, I.; Albuquerque, I. F. M.; Allekotte, I.; Allison, P.; Almela, A.; Alvarez Castillo, J.; Alvarez-Muniz, J.; Ambrosio, M.; Anastasi, G. A.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andrada, B.; Andringa, S.; Aramo, C.; Arqueros, F.; Arsene, N.; Asorey, H.; Assis, P.; Aublin, J.; Avila, G.; Badescu, A. M.; Balaceanu, A.; Baus, C.; Beatty, J. J.; Becker, K. H.; Bellido, J. A.; Berat, C.; Bertaina, M. E.; Bertou, X.; Biermann, P. L.; Billoir, P.; Biteau, J.; Blaess, S. G.; Blanco, A.; Blazek, J.; Bleve, C.; Bohacova, M.; Boncioli, D.; Bonifazi, C.; Borodai, N.; Botti, A. M.; Brack, J.; Brancus, I.; Bretz, T.; Bridgeman, A.; Briechle, F. L.; Buchholz, P.; Bueno, A.; Buitink, S.; Buscemi, M.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Caccianiga, B.; Caccianiga, L.; Cancio, A.; Canfora, F.; Caramete, L.; Caruso, R.; Castellina, A.; Cataldi, G.; Cazon, L.; Cester, R.; Chavez, A. G.; Chiavassa, A.; Chinellato, J. A.; Chudoba, J.; Clay, R. W.; Colalillo, R.; Coleman, A.; Collica, L.; Coluccia, M. R.; Conceicao, R.; Contreras, F.; Cooper, M. J.; Coutu, S.; Covault, C. E.; Cronin, J.; Dallier, R.; D'Amico, S.; Daniel, B.; Dasso, S.; Daumiller, K.; Dawson, B. R.; De Almeida, R. M.; De Jong, S. J.; De Mauro, G.; De Mello Neto, J. R. T.; De Mitri, I.; De Oliveira, J.; De Souza, V.; Debatin, J.; Del Peral, L.; Deligny, O.; Di Giulio, C.; Di Matteo, A.; Diaz Castro, M. L.; Diogo, F.; Dobrigkeit, C.; D'Olivo, J. C.; Dorofeev, A.; Dos Anjos, R. C.; Dova, M. T.; Dundovic, A.; Ebr, J.; Engel, R.; Erdmann, M.; Erfani, M.; Escobar, C. O.; Espadanal, J.; Etchegoyen, A.; Falcke, H.; Fang, K.; Farrar, G.; Fauth, A. C.; Fazzini, N.; Fick, B.; Figueira, J. M.; Filevich, A.; Filipcic, A.; Fratu, O.; Freire, M. M.; Fujii, T.; Fuster, A.; Garcia, B.; Garcia-Pinto, D.; Gate, F.; Gemmeke, H.; Gherghel-Lascu, A.; Ghia, P. L.; Giaccari, U.; Giammarchi, M.; Giller, M.; Glas, D.; Glaser, C.; Glass, H.; Golup, G.; Gomez Berisso, M.; Gomez Vitale, P. F.; Gonzalez, N.; Gookin, B.; Gordon, J.; Gorgi, A.; Gorham, P.; Gouffon, P.; Grillo, A. F.; Grubb, T. D.; Guarino, F.; Guedes, G. P.; Hampel, M. R.; Hansen, P.; Harari, D.; Harrison, T. A.; Harton, J. L.; Hasankiadeh, Q.; Haungs, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Heck, D.; Heimann, P.; Herve, A. E.; Hill, G. C.; Hojvat, C.; Holt, E.; Homola, P.; Horandel, J. R.; Horvath, P.; Hrabovsky, M.; Huege, T.; Hulsman, J.; Insolia, A.; Isar, P. G.; Jandt, I.; Jansen, S.; Johnsen, J. A.; Josebachuili, M.; Kaapa, A.; Kambeitz, O.; Kampert, K. H.; Kasper, P.; Katkov, I.; Keilhauer, B.; Kemp, E.; Kieckhafer, R. M.; Klages, H. O.; Kleifges, M.; Kleinfeller, J.; Krause, R.; Krohm, N.; Kuempel, D.; Kukec Mezek, G.; Kunka, N.; Kuotb Awad, A.; Lahurd, D.; Latronico, L.; Lauscher, M.; Lautridou, P.; Lebrun, P.; Legumina, R.; Leigui De Oliveira, M. A.; Letessier-Selvon, A.; Lhenry-Yvon, I.; Link, K.; Lopes, L.; Lopez, R.; Lopez Casado, A.; Luce, Q.; Lucero, A.; Malacari, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Mandat, D.; Mantsch, P.; Mariazzi, A. G.; Maris, I. C.; Marsella, G.; Martello, D.; Martinez, H.; Martinez Bravo, O.; Masias Meza, J. J.; Mathes, H. J.; Mathys, S.; Matthews, J.; Matthews, J. A. J.; Matthiae, G.; Mayotte, E.; Mazur, P. O.; Medina, C.; Medina-Tanco, G.; Melo, D.; Menshikov, A.; Messina, S.; Micheletti, M. I.; Middendorf, L.; Minaya, I. A.; Miramonti, L.; Mitrica, B.; Mockler, D.; Molina-Bueno, L.; Mollerach, S.; Montanet, F.; Morello, C.; Mostafa, M.; Muller, G.; Muller, M. A.; Muller, S.; Naranjo, I.; Navas, S.; Nellen, L.; Neuser, J.; Nguyen, P. H.; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.; Niechciol, M.; Niemietz, L.; Niggemann, T.; Nitz, D.; Nosek, D.; Novotny, V.; Nozka, H.; Nunez, L. A.; Ochilo, L.; Oikonomou, F.; Olinto, A.; Pakk Selmi-Dei, D.; Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.; Papenbreer, P.; Parente, G.; Parra, A.; Paul, T.; Pech, M.; Pedreira, F.; Pekala, J.; Pelayo, R.; Pena-Rodriguez, J.; Pereira, L. A. S.; Perrone, L.; Peters, C.; Petrera, S.; Phuntsok, J.; Piegaia, R.; Pierog, T.; Pieroni, P.; Pimenta, M.; Pirronello, V.; Platino, M.; Plum, M.; Porowski, C.; Prado, R. R.; Privitera, P.; Prouza, M.; Quel, E. J.; Querchfeld, S.; Quinn, S.; Ramos-Pollant, R.; Rautenberg, J.; Ravel, O.; Ravignani, D.; Reinert, D.; Ridky, J.; Risse, M.; Ristori, P.; Rizi, V.; De Carvalho, W. R.; Rodriguez Fernandez, G.; Rodriguez Rojo, J.; Rodriguez-Frias, M. D.; Rogozin, D.; Rosado, J.; Roth, M.; Roulet, E.; Rovero, A. C.; Saffi, S. J.; Saftoiu, A.; Salazar, H.; Saleh, A.; Salesa Greus, F.; Salina, G.; Sanabria Gomez, J. D.; Sanchez, F.; Sanchez-Lucas, P.; Santos, E. M.; Santos, E.; Sarazin, F.; Sarkar, B.; Sarmento, R.; Sarmiento-Cano, C.; Sato, R.; Scarso, C.; Schauer, M.; Scherini, V.; Schieler, H.; Schmidt, D.; Scholten, O.; Schovanek, P.; Schroder, F. G.; Schulz, A.; Schulz, J.; Schumacher, J.; Sciutto, S. J.; Segreto, A.; Settimo, M.; Shadkam, A.; Shellard, R. C.; Sigl, G.; Silli, G.; Sima, O.; Smialkowski, A.; Smida, R.; Snow, G. R.; Sommers, P.; Sonntag, S.; Sorokin, J.; Squartini, R.; Stanca, D.; Stanic, S.; Stasielak, J.; Strafella, F.; Suarez, F.; Suarez Duran, M.; Sudholz, T.; Suomijarvi, T.; Supanitsky, A. D.; Sutherland, M. S.; Swain, J.; Szadkowski, Z.; Taborda, O. A.; Tapia, A.; Tepe, A.; Theodoro, V. M.; Timmermans, C.; Todero Peixoto, C. J.; Tomankova, L.; Tome, B.; Tonachini, A.; Torralba Elipe, G.; Torres Machado, D.; Torri, M.; Travnicek, P.; Trini, M.; Ulrich, R.; Unger, M.; Urban, M.; Valbuena-Delgado, A.; Valdes Galicia, J. F.; Valino, I.; Valore, L.; Van Aar, G.; Van Bodegom, P.; Van Den Berg, A. M.; Van Vliet, A.; Varela, E.; Vargas Cardenas, B.; Varner, G.; Vazquez, J. R.; Vazquez, R. A.; Veberic, D.; Verzi, V.; Vicha, J.; Villasenor, L.; Vorobiov, S.; Wahlberg, H.; Wainberg, O.; Walz, D.; Watson, A. A.; Weber, M.; Weindl, A.; Wiencke, L.; Wilczynski, H.; Winchen, T.; Wittkowski, D.; Wundheiler, B.; Wykes, S.; Yang, L.; Yelos, D.; Yushkov, A.; Zas, E.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zepeda, A.; Zimmermann, B.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zong, Z.; Zuccarello, F

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien–Dindo Grades III–V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49–2.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease