127 research outputs found
Light-Induced Charge Density Wave in LaTe
When electrons in a solid are excited with light, they can alter the free
energy landscape and access phases of matter that are beyond reach in thermal
equilibrium. This accessibility becomes of vast importance in the presence of
phase competition, when one state of matter is preferred over another by only a
small energy scale that, in principle, is surmountable by light. Here, we study
a layered compound, LaTe, where a small in-plane (a-c plane) lattice
anisotropy results in a unidirectional charge density wave (CDW) along the
c-axis. Using ultrafast electron diffraction, we find that after
photoexcitation, the CDW along the c-axis is weakened and subsequently, a
different competing CDW along the a-axis emerges. The timescales characterizing
the relaxation of this new CDW and the reestablishment of the original CDW are
nearly identical, which points towards a strong competition between the two
orders. The new density wave represents a transient non-equilibrium phase of
matter with no equilibrium counterpart, and this study thus provides a
framework for unleashing similar states of matter that are "trapped" under
equilibrium conditions
Femtosecond gas-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction
The development of ultrafast gas electron diffraction with nonrelativistic electrons has enabled the determination of molecular structures with atomic spatial resolution. It has, however, been challenging to break the picosecond temporal resolution barrier and achieve the goal that has long been envisioned - making space- and-time resolved molecular movies of chemical reaction in the gas-phase. Recently, an ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) apparatus using mega-electron-volt (MeV) electrons was developed at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for imaging ultrafast structural dynamics of molecules in the gas phase. The SLAC gas-phase MeV UED has achieved 65 fs root mean square temporal resolution, 0.63 Ã… spatial resolution, and 0.22 Ã…-1 reciprocal-space resolution. Such high spatial-temporal resolution has enabled the capturing of real-time molecular movies of fundamental photochemical mechanisms, such as chemical bond breaking, ring opening, and a nuclear wave packet crossing a conical intersection. In this paper, the design that enables the high spatial-temporal resolution of the SLAC gas phase MeV UED is presented. The compact design of the differential pump section of the SLAC gas phase MeV UED realized five orders-of-magnitude vacuum isolation between the electron source and gas sample chamber. The spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and long-term stability of the apparatus are systematically characterized
Status of the Super-B factory Design
The SuperB international team continues to optimize the design of an
electron-positron collider, which will allow the enhanced study of the origins
of flavor physics. The project combines the best features of a linear collider
(high single-collision luminosity) and a storage-ring collider (high repetition
rate), bringing together all accelerator physics aspects to make a very high
luminosity of 10 cm sec. This asymmetric-energy collider
with a polarized electron beam will produce hundreds of millions of B-mesons at
the (4S) resonance. The present design is based on extremely low
emittance beams colliding at a large Piwinski angle to allow very low
without the need for ultra short bunches. Use of crab-waist
sextupoles will enhance the luminosity, suppressing dangerous resonances and
allowing for a higher beam-beam parameter. The project has flexible beam
parameters, improved dynamic aperture, and spin-rotators in the Low Energy Ring
for longitudinal polarization of the electron beam at the Interaction Point.
Optimized for best colliding-beam performance, the facility may also provide
high-brightness photon beams for synchrotron radiation applications
The photochemical ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene imaged by ultrafast electron diffraction
The ultrafast photoinduced ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene constitutes a
textbook example of electrocyclic reactions in organic chemistry and a model
for photobiological reactions in vitamin D synthesis. Here, we present direct
and unambiguous observation of the ring-opening reaction path on the
femtosecond timescale and sub-{\AA}ngstr\"om length scale by megaelectronvolt
ultrafast electron diffraction. We follow the carbon-carbon bond dissociation
and the structural opening of the 1,3-cyclohexadiene ring by direct measurement
of time-dependent changes in the distribution of interatomic distances. We
observe a substantial acceleration of the ring-opening motion after internal
conversion to the ground state due to steepening of the electronic potential
gradient towards the product minima. The ring-opening motion transforms into
rotation of the terminal ethylene groups in the photoproduct 1,3,5-hexatriene
on the sub-picosecond timescale. Our work demonstrates the potential of
megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction to elucidate photochemical
reaction paths in organic chemistry
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Light-induced charge density wave in LaTe3
When electrons in a solid are excited with light, they can alter the free
energy landscape and access phases of matter that are beyond reach in thermal
equilibrium. This accessibility becomes of vast importance in the presence of
phase competition, when one state of matter is preferred over another by only a
small energy scale that, in principle, is surmountable by light. Here, we study
a layered compound, LaTe, where a small in-plane (a-c plane) lattice
anisotropy results in a unidirectional charge density wave (CDW) along the
c-axis. Using ultrafast electron diffraction, we find that after
photoexcitation, the CDW along the c-axis is weakened and subsequently, a
different competing CDW along the a-axis emerges. The timescales characterizing
the relaxation of this new CDW and the reestablishment of the original CDW are
nearly identical, which points towards a strong competition between the two
orders. The new density wave represents a transient non-equilibrium phase of
matter with no equilibrium counterpart, and this study thus provides a
framework for unleashing similar states of matter that are "trapped" under
equilibrium conditions
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