The application of cast SiC/Al to rotary engine components

A silicon carbide reinforced aluminum (SiC/Al) material fabricated by Dural Aluminum Composites Corporation was tested for various components of rotary engines. Properties investigated included hardness, high temperature strength, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, thermal conductivity, and expansion. SiC/Al appears to be a viable candidate for cast rotors, and may be applicable to other components, primarily housings

PPE-level protocols for carpet clusters

Journal ArticleWe describe the lowest level of a suite of protocols for workstation cluster multicomputers: the parts implemented in hardware by a Protocol Processing Engine (PPE) and the software level immediately above the PPE. The stated goal of this work is extremely low end-to-end latency communications on independent workstations connected by a packet switching communication fabric. The workstations are expected to run a commercial operating system and must present the same security characteristics as traditional protocols. We begin with a realization of sender-based protocols. Such protocols can avoid much of the copying that slows down traditional approaches and can also reduce the overhead involved in demultiplexing packet streams and notification of recipients. Finally, we present some measurements of an early prototype

Shared memory as a basis for conservative distributed architectural simulation

Journal ArticleThis paper describes experience in parallelizing an execution-driven architectural simulation system used in the development and evaluation of the Avalanche distributed architecture. It reports on a specific application of conservative distributed simulation on a shared memory platform. Various communication-intensive synchronization algorithms are described and evaluated. Performance results on a bus-based shared memory platform are reported, and extension and scalability of the implementation to larger distributed shared memory configurations are discussed. Also addressed are specific characteristics of architectural simulations that contribute to decisions relating to the conservatism of the approach and to the achievable performance

Message passing support in the Avalanche widget

Journal ArticleMinimizing communication latency in message passing multiprocessing systems is critical. An emerging problem in these systems is the latency contribution costs caused by the need to percolate the message through the memory hierarchy (at both sending and receiving nodes) and the additional cost of managing consistency within the hierarchy. This paper, considers three important aspects of these costs: cache coherence, message copying, and cache miss rates. The paper then shows via a simulation study how a design called the Widget can be used with existing commercial workstation technology to significantly reduce these costs to support efficient message passing in the Avalanche multiprocessing system

PPE interface and functional specification

Journal ArticleThis document describes the interface and functional specification of a Protocol Processing Engine (PPE) for workstation clusters. The PPE is intended to provide the support necessary to implement low latency protocols requiring only low resource (cpu and bus bandwidth) consumption

Paint: PA instruction set interpreter

Journal ArticleThis document describes Paint, an instruction set simulator based on Mint[3]. Paint interprets the PA-RISC instruction set, and has been extended to support the Avalanche Scalable Computing Project[2]. These extensions include a new process model that allows multiple programs to be run on each processor and the ability to model both kernel and user code on each processor. In addition, a new address space model more accurately detects when a program is accessing an illegal virtual address, allows a program's virtual address space to grow dynamically, and does lazy allocation of physical pages as programs need them. Note that this document is intended to be an addendum to the original Mint technical report, which the reader should consult for an overview of the Mint simulation environment and terminology

Adsorption of phenol/tyrosol from aqueous solutions on macro-reticular aromatic and macro-porous polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene polymeric resins

The current work aims at separating by adsorption of low-molecular-weight organic compounds in a nanofiltration concentrate of the olive mill wastewaters. The experimental investigations on adsorption of phenol/tyrosol in single and binary systems were conducted in batch mode by using the commercially available macroporous resins FPX66 and MN202. The structures of such resins were examined by FTIR before and after adsorption. The operating parameters affecting the adsorption process such as resin dosage, contact time, pH, and initial concentration of phenol/tyrosol were investigated. Fast phenol and tyrosol uptakes were observed for both resins. It can be attributed to their physical properties, for instance high specific area and microporous area. The adsorption selectivity of phenol is larger than tyrosol when using FPX66 resin, but smaller if MN202 resin is used. Acidic pH appeared to be always favourable for the adsorption. A synergetic effect between solutes was observed since adsorption of phenol and tyrosol in the binary systems was faster than the individual sorption of each solute. Five isotherms namely Langmuir, Freundlich, DubininRadushkevich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson were selected to fit the obtained equilibrium experimental data. Finally, desorption of the examined compounds with ethanol (EtOH) allowed a maximum around 85 % of phenol, and equal to 94 % of tyrosol on FPX66 and MN202 resins

Adsorption of phenol/tyrosol from aqueous solutions on macro-reticular aromatic and macro-porous polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene polymeric resins

The current work aims at separating by adsorption of low-molecular-weight organic compounds in a nanofiltration concentrate of the olive mill wastewaters. The experimental investigations on adsorption of phenol/tyrosol in single and binary systems were conducted in batch mode by using the commercially available macroporous resins FPX66 and MN202. The structures of such resins were examined by FTIR before and after adsorption. The operating parameters affecting the adsorption process such as resin dosage, contact time, pH, and initial concentration of phenol/tyrosol were investigated. Fast phenol and tyrosol uptakes were observed for both resins. It can be attributed to their physical properties, for instance high specific area and microporous area. The adsorption selectivity of phenol is larger than tyrosol when using FPX66 resin, but smaller if MN202 resin is used. Acidic pH appeared to be always favourable for the adsorption. A synergetic effect between solutes was observed since adsorption of phenol and tyrosol in the binary systems was faster than the individual sorption of each solute. Five isotherms namely Langmuir, Freundlich, DubininRadushkevich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson were selected to fit the obtained equilibrium experimental data. Finally, desorption of the examined compounds with ethanol (EtOH) allowed a maximum around 85 % of phenol, and equal to 94 % of tyrosol on FPX66 and MN202 resins

In vitro ion chelating, antioxidative mechanism of extracts from fruits and barks of tetrapleura tetraptera and their protective effects against fenton mediated toxicity of metal ions on liver homogenates

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and protective potential of T. tetraptera extracts against ion toxicity. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was investigated spectrophotometrically against several radicals (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•), hydroxyl radical (HO•), and nitric oxide (NO•)), followed by the ferric reducing power, total phenols, flavonoid, and flavonol contents. The effects of the extracts on catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase activities were also determined using the standard methods as well as the polyphenol profile using HPLC. The results showed that the hydroethanolic extract of T. tetraptera (CFH) has the lowest ICvalue with the DPPH, ABTS, OH, and NO radicals. The same extract also exhibited the significantly higher level of total phenols (37.24 ± 2.00 CAE/g dried extract); flavonoids (11.36 ± 1.88 QE/g dried extract); and flavonols contents (3.95 ± 0.39 QE/g dried extract). The HPLC profile of T. tetraptera revealed that eugenol (958.81 ± 00 mg/g DW), quercetin (353.78 ± 00 mg/g DW), and rutin (210.54 ± 00 mg/g DW) were higher in the fruit than the bark extracts. In conclusion, extracts from T. tetraptera may act as a protector against oxidative mediated ion toxicity. © 2015 Bruno Moukette Moukette et al

An Evaluation of Through-Thickness Changes in Primary Damage Production in Commercial Reactor Pressure Vessels

An extensive database of atomic displacement cascades in iron has been developed using the method of molecular dynamics (MD). More than 300 simulations have been completed at 100K with energies between 0.1 and 100 keV. This encompasses nearly all energies relevant to fission reactor irradiation environments since a 100 keV MD cascade corresponds to the average iron cascade following a collision with a 5.1 MeV neutron. Extensive statistical analysis of the database has determined representative average values for several primary damage parameters: the total number of surviving point defects, the fraction of the surviving point defects contained in clusters formed during cascade cooling, and a measure of the size distribution of the in-cascade point defect clusters. The cascade energy dependence of the MD-based primary damage parameters has been used to obtain spectrum-averaged defect production cross sections for typical fission reactor neutron energy spectra as a function of depth through the reactor pressure vessel. The attenuation of the spectrum-averaged cross sections for total point defect survival and the fraction of either interstitials or vacancies in clusters are quite similar to that for the NRT dpa. However, the cross sections derived to account for the energy dependence of the point defect cluster size distributions exhibit a potentially significant variation through the vessel. The production rate of large interstitial clusters decreases more rapidly than dpa whereas the production of large vacancy clusters is slower than dpa