A machine learning approach for modeling irregular regions with multiple owners in wind farm layout design

17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under review.The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119691Wind farm development projects require a detailed survey of the eligible land. The land selected is often segmented into different region, each owned by different landowners with different land pricing. These regions are often complex shaped with irregular boundaries. Therefore, an efficient method for numerically modeling such irregular domains is needed. This work uses support vector data description (SVDD) to generate an analytical, continuous description of the irregular regions. Whereas other methods typically work well for modeling convex domains, the SVDD approach can be used to model irregular regions as a spherical boundary using various kernel mapping. It was demonstrated that the SVDD approach can be used to model any number of complex regions. An error analysis showed that the SVDD approach can construct accurate descriptions using a relatively small data set. The applicability of SVDD method in wind farm layout optimization is also demonstrated. The wind farm optimization study considered that the terrain is divided into several regions each owned by a different owner offering the land at a different price. Two different methods for considering the cost of the land are presented. The differences in optimal farm layouts using the two land cost models were also presented. In each case, the optimized wind farm layouts resulted in lower cost-of-energy relative to the reference wind farm. It was shown that the SVDD approach can also be used to restrict the placement of wind turbines in infeasible/ restricted regions. The library for support vector data description was also made available to the public.This research was performed while the author held an NRC Research Associateship award at the Naval Postgraduate School

Propofol-Based Procedural Sedation with or without Low-Dose Ketamine in Children

Objective Examine comparative dosing, efficacy, and safety of propofol alone or with an initial, subdissociative dose of ketamine approach for deep sedation. Background Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic agent used increasingly in children for deep sedation. As a nonanalgesic agent, use in procedures (e.g., bone marrow biopsies/aspirations, renal biopsies) is debated. Our intensivist procedural sedation team sedates using one of two protocols: propofol-only (P-O) approach or age-adjusted dose of 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg intravenous ketamine (K + P) prior to propofol. With either approach, an initial induction dose of 1 mg/kg propofol is recommended and then intermittent dosing throughout the procedure to achieve adequate sedation to safely and effectively perform the procedure. Approach: Retrospective evaluation of 754 patients receiving either the P-O or K + P approach to sedation. Results A total of 372 P-O group patients and 382 K + P group. Mean age (7.3 ± 5.5 years for P-O; 7.3 ± 5.4 years for K + P) and weight (30.09 ± 23.18 kg for P-O; 30.14 ± 24.45 kg for K + P) were similar in both groups (p = NS). All patients successfully completed procedures with a 16% combined incidence of hypoxia (SPO2 < 90%). Procedure time was 3 minutes longer for K + P group than P-O group (18.68 ± 15.13 minutes for K + P; 15.11 ± 12.77 minutes for P-O; p < 0.01), yet recovery times were 5 minutes shorter (17.04 ± 9.36 minutes for K + P; 22.17 ± 12.84 minutes for P-O; p < 0.01). Mean total dose of propofol was significantly greater in P-O than in K + P group (0.28 ± 0.20 mg/kg/min for K + P; 0.40 ± 0.26 mg/kg/min for P-O; p < 0.0001), and might explain the shorter recovery time. Conclusion Both sedation approaches proved to be well tolerated and equally effective. Addition of ketamine was associated with reduction in the recovery time, probably explained by the statistically significant decrease in the propofol dose

Important paradigms of the thermoelastic waves

This paper is devoted to the investigation of the propagation of magneto-thermo-elastic waves in a rotating monoclinic system. The system is electrically conducting in the presence of an applied magnetic field. A general dispersion relation is obtained for magneto-thermo-elastic waves. The propagation of wave produced two elastic waves and two thermal waves. It is found that the elastic waves depend on the applied magnetic field and the rotational frequency, where the thermal waves are independent of these effects. The numerical simulations are presented in this article to support the findings

Effect of Ergonomical Factors on the Employees

To improve and enlightening production ergonomics is a search widespread to numerous organizations in diverse engineering and management zones. At the foundation is an ambition to eradicate hazards for job concerned musculoskeletal disorders, but recent observations on ergonomics have developed the discipline from a merely physiological, anthropometrical, and Psychosocial influential apprehension to an organizational, systems performance discipline. This research recommends that in an organization ergonomics infrastructure is made up of the structural, technical, executive and stakeholder comparative circumstances that allow or obstruct development of ergonomics. These circumstances spotlight on the positioning of diverse employees towards ergonomics concerns in an organization, the relationships between user, workers or employees, scenario, scheme and strategy they use for arguments, and the manipulate that occur from industry-particular culture, insolences and technical incorporation (or elimination) of ergonomics into engineering and production progressions. The information deduced from the research in this paper has been produced together with pertinent theoretical perceptions originated in the literature, into a Tentative Agenda which conducts empirical data assembly intended at planning the ergonomics infrastructure in an organization. Its step-by-step methodical appraisal of circumstances at diverse hierarchical levels in the organization should serve ergonomics experts and managers alike in classifying pathways and obstructions to improve production ergonomics

Efficient Medical Image Compression Based on Wavelet Transform and Modified Gray Wolf Optimization

The use of medical images in diagnostic procedures is increasing, leadning to a significant rise in the memory and bandwidth requirements for preserving and transmitting these images. To address this issue, image compression techniques have garnered significant attention. These techniques are capable of reducing the data size necessary to represent an image, allowing for more efficient utilization of storage space and communication bandwidth by eliminating unnecessary information. Numerous research directions have focused on compressing medical images, but past approaches have been time-consuming and risked information loss. To trounce these limitations, this paper introduces an effiective method for reducing the size of medical images in telemedicine applications. The method utilizes Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and sophisticated algorithm. Primarily, input images undergo pre-processing with a circular median filter to eliminate noise and improve image quality. Subsequently, the pre-processed images are divided into multiple sub bands using IWT.Then, these sub bands are furhter divided into n X n non-overlapping matrices, and optimal coefficients are chosen by employing a modified grey wolf optimizer algorithm. Finally, the selected coefficients are encoded using Huffman coding for transmission. During decompression, the reverse process of image compression is applied. The introduced method is tested on various medical images, and the findings demonstrate its superior performance compared to previous methods, generating visually similar images with a smaller data size

Laparoscopic Management of Delayed Recurrent Intussusception in an Older Child

BACKGROUND: Intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in infants and children. Although early recurrence is not uncommon, recurrence years later is rare. METHODS: A 13-year-old male with a history of recurrent intussusception at ages 2 and 5 presented with recurrent intussusception 8 years later. The diagnosis was made using computed tomography, and the patient underwent a laparoscopic ileocecectomy with an uneventful postoperative course. RESULTS: The specimen was remarkable for findings of multiple enlarged lymph nodes over the serosal surface of the ileum and the terminal ileum with focal edema, prominent lymphoid hyperplasia and large hemorrhagic areas. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the fact that in a child with a delayed recurrence of intussusception, the presence of a lead point should be suspected, and operative therapy should be strongly considered over hydrostatic reduction. The current management of recurrent intussusception is reviewed and applied to this case

Multi-Objective Analysis and Optimization of Integrated Cooling in Micro-Electronics With Hot Spots

With the demand of computing power from electronic chips on a constant rise, innovative methods are needed for effective and efficient thermal management. Forced convection cooling through an array of micro pin-fins acts not only as a heat sink, but also allows for the electrical interconnection between stacked layers of integrated circuits. This work performs a multi-objective optimization of three shapes of pin-fins to maximize the efficiency of this cooling system. An inverse design approach that allows for the design of cooling configurations without prior knowledge of thermal mapping was proposed and validated. The optimization study showed that pin-fin configurations are capable of containing heat flux levels of next generation electronic chips. It was also shown that even under these high heat fluxes the structural integrity is not compromised. The inverse approach showed that configurations exist that are capable of cooling heat fluxes beyond those of next generation chips. Thin film heat spreaders made of diamond and graphene nano-platelets were also investigated and showed that further reduction in maximum temperature, increase in temperature uniformity and reduction in thermal stresses are possible

Clostridium septicum infection of hepatic metastases following alcohol injection: a case report

Clostridium septicum infections are generally associated with gastrointestinal or hematologic malignancies. We report the first case of hepatic metastases infection with Clostridium septicum that followed alcohol injection of liver lesion. Clinicians should consider this possibility in patients with underlying malignancy who present with hepatic abscess, as prompt surgical drainage and empiric antibiotics may be life saving

Prevalence of non-aureus Staphylococcus species causing intramammary infections in Canadian dairy herds

Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), the microorganisms most frequently isolated from bovine milk worldwide, are a heterogeneous group of numerous species. To establish their importance as a group, the distribution of individual species needs to be determined. In the present study, NAS intramammary infection (IMI) was defined as a milk sample containing ≥1,000 cfu/mL in pure or mixed culture that was obtained from a cohort of cows assembled by the Canadian Bovine Mastitis Research Network. Overall, 6,213 (6.3%) of 98,233 quarter-milk samples from 5,149 cows and 20,305 udder quarters were associated with an NAS IMI. Of the 6,213 phenotypically identified NAS isolates, 5,509 (89%) were stored by the Canadian Bovine Mastitis Research Network Mastitis Pathogen Collection and characterized using partial sequencing of the rpoB housekeeping gene, confirming 5,434 isolates as NAS. Prevalence of each NAS species IMI was estimated using Bayesian models, with presence of a specific NAS species as the outcome. Overall quarter-level NAS IMI prevalence was 26%. The most prevalent species causing IMI were Staphylococcus chromogenes (13%), Staphylococcus simulans (4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3%), Staphylococcus xylosus (2%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1%). The prevalence of NAS IMI as a group was highest in first-parity heifers and was evenly distributed throughout cows in parities ≥2. The IMI prevalence of some species such as S. chromogenes, S. simulans, and S. epidermidis differed among parities. Overall prevalence of NAS IMI was 35% at calving, decreased over the next 10 d, and then gradually increased until the end of lactation. The prevalence of S. chromogenes, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus cohnii, and Staphylococcus capitis was highest at calving, whereas the prevalence of S. chromogenes, S. haemolyticus, S. xylosus, and S. cohnii increased during lactation. Although the overall prevalence of NAS IMI was similar across barn types, the prevalence of S. simulans, S. xylosus, S. cohnii, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, S. capitis, and Staphylococcus arlettae IMI was higher in tie-stall barns; the prevalence of S. epidermidis IMI was lowest; and the prevalence of S. chromogenes and Staphylococcus sciuri IMI was highest in bedded-pack barns. Staphylococcus simulans, S. epidermidis, S. xylosus, and S. cohnii IMI were more prevalent in herds with intermediate to high bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) and S. haemolyticus IMI was more prevalent in herds with high BMSCC, whereas other common NAS species IMI were equally prevalent in all 3 BMSCC categories. Distribution of NAS species IMI differed among the 4 regions of Canada. In conclusion, distribution differed considerably among NAS species IMI; therefore, accurate identification (species level) is essential for studying NAS epidemiology