Changes in locomotor activity and naloxone-induced jumping in mice produced by WIN 35,197-2 (Ethylketazocine) and morphine

Acute i.p. administration of morphine or cocaine produced increase in locomotor activity in Swiss-Webster female mice that were maximal at 32–100 mg/kg for morphine and at 32 mg/kg for cocaine. WIN 35,197-2 produced dose-dependent decreases in locomotor activity from 3.2–32 mg/kg. Chronic administration of WIN 35,197-2 led to a 6–10 fold shift to the right in the locomotor activity decreasing effect of the drug, but WIN 35,197-2-tolerant mice retained their sensitivity to the locomotor stimulant effects of morphine and cocaine. Acute administration of WIN 35,197-2 failed to sensitize mice to naloxone-induced jumping, although morphine did so. Chronic administration of WIN 35,197-2 did lead to sensitization to naloxone, but WIN 35,197-2 was much less efficacious in this regard than morphine. These behavioral effects of WIN 35,197-2 may be helpful in the classification of modes of action of different narcotic agonists.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46405/1/213_2004_Article_BF00426894.pd

Ethnomedicinal plants used for gastro-intestinal diseases by <i style="">Adi </i>tribes of Dehang-Debang Biosphere Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh

496-501An ethno-medico-botanical survey was carried out in Adi dominated areas of Dehang-Debang Biosphere Reserve (DDBR) of Arunachal Pradesh during 2005-2007 to study the pattern of use, preparation, and dosage administration of drugs in treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. A total of 44 plant species belonging to 31 families were recorded for the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. Among these, 25 plant species used as antidysenteric and antidiarrhoeic, 9 species for stomachache, 6 species as stomachic, 4 species as carminative, 3 species as antiemetic, 2 species as anthelmentic, 1 species each as antiflatulent and laxative

Ethnobotanical studies of Dehang–Debang Biosphere Reserve of Arunachal Prad esh with special reference to <i style="">Memba</i> tribe

61-67Dehang–Debang Biosphere Reserve (DDBR) is located in the Northeastern part of the Eastern Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh. The tribal communities inhabiting in and around DDBR are Ashings, Boris, Bokars, Shimongs, Palibos, Khambas, Membas, Gallos, Minyongs and Mishmis. The Khambas and Membas centered on Gelling, Tuting and Singa near the Siang river of Upper Siang district are quite different culturally as well as ethnically from Adis and other tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. The study was carried out in 6 villages of Upper Siang district which are inhabited by Membas. During the field survey, 88 useful plant species belonging to 47 families and 58 genera documented, 24 species are used as vegetable, 18 species are used as medicine and 13 species are used as edible fruits. Apart from these, some selected species are used for stupefying and trapping fishes, spice, edible oil, fodder, and fiber, packaging material and for religious practices. In the paper, ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal uses of plant species along with their vernacular names and parts used are discussed

Arabidopsis rbcS genes are differentially regulated by light.

Individual members of the Arabidopsis thaliana ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) gene family are differentially regulated by light of different qualities. In 10-d-old etiolated seedlings, the expression of only three of the four genes is under inductive phytochrome control. rbcS mRNA levels reach a maximum (3- to 5-fold higher than the dark level) about 6 h after a red light pulse, but the rate of decay differs among the genes. Moreover, rbcS 2B requires a higher fluence for induction. At early stages of development, rbcS 1A, 2B, and 3B are highly expressed in the dark and cannot be further induced by red light, indicating a developmental component in the overall regulatory mechanism. Continuous light experiments indicate that high-irradiance responses may play a role in the induction of at least three of the four rbcS genes. Under conditions of phytochrome saturation, rbcS 1A is insensitive to blue light pulses, whereas among the three B locus genes, at least rbcS 3B appears to respond to a blue-light photoreceptor. These results add to the data suggesting that individual members of rbcS gene families in higher plants may be subject to a variety of differing regulatory mechanisms