The expansion of cohabitation in Mexico, 1930-2010 : the revenge of history?

In this chapter we use census microdata to examine trends in cohabitation in Mexico between 1930 and 2010. The microdata reveal a dramatic increase in cohabitation since the 1990s. By being able to go further back in time than in the other countries examined in this book, we better document the phase that preceded the post-1990 cohabitation boom. This earlier phase was characterized by the systematic reduction in cohabitation in favor of marriages, which results in an overall U-shaped evolution of cohabitation for the entire period between 1930 and 2010. Judging from the mere cross-sectional profiles and results from multilevel models, one could conclude that recent cohabitation replicates historical differentials. However, several features emerge that strongly mitigate this historical inheritance and fits the Second Demographic Transition theory. Among others, these features include that cohabitation is now a "normal" form of partnership among the expanding top educational groups and that the shift from marriage to prolonged cohabitation is driven by further secularization and an overall shift in values. Time will tell how fast and to what degree the shift to the SDT-type will be occurring in Mexico, but at present it is clear that the shift away from the traditional type is under way

Aislamiento de cepas de traustoquitridios en la zona costera de Puerto Montt, Chile y evaluación de la producción de ácido docosahexaenoico (C22:6n-3, DHA)

Cuarenta y seis cepas que presentaron las característicasmorfológicas descritas para traustoquitridios fueron aisladasdesde muestras colectadas en cinco localidades de la zona costera de Puerto Montt, Chile, utilizando la técnica de polen de pino. Las 16 cepas que mostraron el perfil característico de tres bandas cuando el ADN fue amplificado con un conjunto de tres cebadores (FA1RA1, FA2RA2 y FA3RA3) diseñados para estos microorganismos(17), fueron cultivadas en medio líquido para evaluar la producción de ácido docosahexaenoico (C22:6n-3, DHA). El cultivo se realizó en matraces de Erlenmeyer agitados y la composición del medio basal fue: glucosa 10 g/L, extracto de levadura 4 g/L, en agua de mar diluida al 70%. Sólo 6 cepasprodujeron lípidos en los que se detectó DHA; los mayorescontenidos de DHA en los ácidos grasos totales y de DHA en la biomasa fueron 46,4% (cepa G4) y 36,2 mg/g (cepa M12-X1), respectivamente. El análisis de filogenia molecular basado en el alineamiento de la secuencia del gen que codifica para el ARN de la subunidad pequeña ribosomal (18S rRNA) confirmó que las tres cepas nativas que producen DHA pertenecen al phylum Labyrinthulomycota. Pruebas preliminares demostraron que es posible incrementar la concentración de biomasa (83%), el contenido de DHA en la biomasa (153%) y la concentración de DHA (71%) a través de la inclusión de glutamato monosódico en el medio de cultivo basal.

Nonexistence of extremals for the adjoint restriction inequality on the hyperboloid

We study the problem of existence of extremizers for the $L^2$ to $L^p$ adjoint Fourier restriction inequalities on the hyperboloid in dimensions 3 and 4, in which cases $p$ is an even integer. We will use the method developed by Foschi to show that extremizers do not exist.Comment: 32 pages. Correction for Theorem 1.2 and Proposition 7.5 and addition of Remark 1.

Cohabitation in Brazil : historical legacy and recent evolution

The availability of the micro data in the IPUMS samples for several censuses spanning a period of 40 years permits a detailed study of differentials and trends in cohabitation in Brazil than has hitherto been the case. The gist of the story is that the historical race/class and religious differentials and the historical spatial contrasts have largely been maintained, but are now operating at much higher levels than in the 1970s. During the last 40 years cohabitation has dramatically increased in all strata of the Brazilian population, and it has spread geographically to all areas in tandem with further expansions in the regions that had historically higher levels to start with. Moreover, the probability of cohabiting depends not only on individual-level characteristics but also on additional contextual effects operating at the level of meso-regions. The rise of cohabitation in Brazil fits the model of the "Second demographic transition", but it is grafted onto a historical pattern which is still manifesting itself in a number of ways

The Rise of Cohabitation in the Southern Cone

This chapter analyses the increase in cohabitation in the Southern Cone (Argentina, Chile and Uruguay) and attempts to determine the extent to which consensual unions and marriages have similar traits or differ in the context of the cohabitation boom (Esteve et al. 2012). The first section of the chapter reviews the historical context of cohabitation in the Southern Cone. The second section uses census and survey data to analyse the trends in conjugal union formation in the three countries during the last 40 years. We analyse the patterns of both childbearing and union formation, as well as the differences between marriage and cohabitation based on educational attainment, labour market participation and household structure. The purpose of this analysis is to better understand whether the behaviour of married and cohabiting women with different characteristics are converging or diverging over time and tentatively, whether more egalitarian gender relationships are emerging in both types of conjugal unions

Isolation, characterization, and immunomodulatory activity evaluation of probiotic strains from colostrum and canine milk

BackgroundThis study aimed to characterize potential probiotic strains for use in dogs to prevent infectious enteropathies. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from canine milk and colostrum were characterized according to their functional properties, including their resistance to gastrointestinal conditions, inhibitory effect against pathogens, and intestinal adhesion.MethodsThe immunomodulatory effects of the strains were also analyzed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Among the strains evaluated, two LAB strains (TUCO-16 and TUCO-17) showed remarkable resistance to pH 3.0, bile salts, and pancreatin, as well as inhibitory effects against pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Clostridium perfringens.ResultsThe TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains induced a significant increase in the expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and TLR2 in canine macrophages. The oral administration of TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains to mice significantly augmented their resistance to pathogenic E. coli or Salmonella intestinal infections. Both canine strains reduced intestinal damage and pathogen counts in the liver and spleen and avoided their dissemination into the bloodstream. These protective effects were related to the ability of TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains to differentially modulate the production of IFN-γ, IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-6, KC, MCP-1, and IL-10 in the intestinal mucosa.ConclusionBoth strains, TUCO-16 and TUCO-17, are potential probiotic candidates for improving intestinal health in dogs, particularly for their ability to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative pathogens common in gastrointestinal infections and modulate the animal's immune response. Further studies are required to effectively demonstrate the beneficial effects of TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains in dogs

Some recent progress on sharp Fourier restriction theory

The purpose of this note is to discuss several results that have been obtained in the last decade in the context of sharp adjoint Fourier restriction/Strichartz inequalities. Rather than aiming at full generality, we focus on several concrete examples of underlying manifolds with large groups of symmetries, which sometimes allow for simple geometric proofs. We mention several open problems along the way, and include an appendix on integration on manifolds using delta calculus

Digital twins based on bidirectional LSTM and GAN for modelling COVID-19

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now spread throughout the globe infecting over 100 million people and causing the death of over 2.2 million people. Thus, there is an urgent need to study the dynamics of epidemiological models to gain a better understanding of how such diseases spread. While epidemiological models can be computationally expensive, recent advances in machine learning techniques have given rise to neural networks with the ability to learn and predict complex dynamics at reduced computational costs. Here we introduce two digital twins of a SEIRS model applied to an idealised town. The SEIRS model has been modified to take account of spatial variation and, where possible, the model parameters are based on official virus spreading data from the UK. We compare predictions from a data-corrected Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network and a predictive Generative Adversarial Network. The predictions given by these two frameworks are accurate when compared to the original SEIRS model data. Additionally, these frameworks are data-agnostic and could be applied to towns, idealised or real, in the UK or in other countries. Also, more compartments could be included in the SEIRS model, in order to study more realistic epidemiological behaviour