EC880 Revised 1947 Cost of Operating Beet Harvesting Machinery in Nebraska 1946

Extension circular 880 reports the cost of operating beet harvesting machinery in Nebraska in 1946

Industrial Applications of Auger Surface Analysis

Scanning Auger microscopy is distinguished by its unique combination of surface selectivity, high spatial resolution, ease of identifying elements and quantifying composition, and ability to distinguish between chemical states. This paper describes several applications of scanning Auger microscopy, emphasizing the range of industrial research activities: 1. Electronic Materials. Contamination in an integrated circuit processing facility was identified and procedures for its removal determined. Causes for the delamination of printed circuit board foils were identified. Superlattice films were characterized and the deposition process evaluated. 2. Tribology. Analysis of surfaces in lubricated sliding contact revealed the effects of con tact kinematics and of molybdenum antifriction additives. 3. Corrosion. Early growth stages of phosphate coatings were found to be associated with a thin phosphate layer, not visible in SEM, interspersed with larger crystals. A corrosion layer on stainless steel/aluminum bimetal trim was shown to contain calcium carbonate and silicate deposits consistent with its galvanic protection mechanism. 4. Catalysis. Oxidation studies of Pd/ Rh alloys revealed varying surface compositions as a function of heat treatment temperature. Several problems commonly encountered in Auger analysis are described and ways of minimizing or estimating their effects are discussed

Assessing Human Error Against a Benchmark of Perfection

An increasing number of domains are providing us with detailed trace data on human decisions in settings where we can evaluate the quality of these decisions via an algorithm. Motivated by this development, an emerging line of work has begun to consider whether we can characterize and predict the kinds of decisions where people are likely to make errors. To investigate what a general framework for human error prediction might look like, we focus on a model system with a rich history in the behavioral sciences: the decisions made by chess players as they select moves in a game. We carry out our analysis at a large scale, employing datasets with several million recorded games, and using chess tablebases to acquire a form of ground truth for a subset of chess positions that have been completely solved by computers but remain challenging even for the best players in the world. We organize our analysis around three categories of features that we argue are present in most settings where the analysis of human error is applicable: the skill of the decision-maker, the time available to make the decision, and the inherent difficulty of the decision. We identify rich structure in all three of these categories of features, and find strong evidence that in our domain, features describing the inherent difficulty of an instance are significantly more powerful than features based on skill or time.Comment: KDD 2016; 10 page

Adaptive constraints for feature tracking

In this paper extensions to an existing tracking algorithm are described. These extensions implement adaptive tracking constraints in the form of regional upper-bound displacements and an adaptive track smoothness constraint. Together, these constraints make the tracking algorithm more flexible than the original algorithm (which used fixed tracking parameters) and provide greater confidence in the tracking results. The result of applying the new algorithm to high-resolution ECMWF reanalysis data is shown as an example of its effectiveness

On the efficiency of matched pairs in Bernoulli triab

SUMMARY Two methods for testing hypotheses concerning the equality of two proportions are compared. The first method is the large sample test for proportions considered in most elementary texts. The other method is applicable under more general assumptions than the first and requires a pairing of the observations from the two populations. The two procedures are compared, using three different measures of asymptotic efficiency, under conditions where both are applicable. At least for the measures of efficiency considered, the matched pairs procedure is shown to do almost as well as the usual large sample test

Ab initio equilibrium constants for H2O–H2O and H2O–CO2

Ab initio 6‐31G** electronic structure calculations have been used to determine the minimum energy geometries and vibrational frequencies of molecular clusters of water and carbon dioxide. Application of statistical thermodynamics leads to theoretical equilibrium constants for gas phase dimerization of water and the formation of an adduct of carbon dioxide with water.The low energy vibrations of the clusters lead to much larger contributions to the vibrational partitioning of the energy than do the fundamental vibrations of the monomeric species. A new ‘‘Harmonic‐Morse’’ formula is derived to estimate anharmonicity from optimized harmonic frequencies and two additional values on the potential surface for each vibration. These ab initiocalculations of equilibrium constants are very close to recent measurements and fall within the range of values obtained by other methods. This no‐parameter treatment gives excellent agreement for the equilibrium of H2O–CO2 near the supercritical fluid range of CO2 and suggests that a ‘‘Theory of Significant Clusters’’ may be extended to a model of supercritical fluids which includes the effects of anharmonicity

Development of control systems for space shuttle vehicles, volume 1

Control of winged two-stage space shuttle vehicles was investigated. Control requirements were determined and systems capable of meeting these requirements were synthesized. Control requirements unique to shuttles were identified. It is shown that these requirements can be satisfied by conventional control logics. Linear gain schedule controllers predominate. Actuator saturations require nonlinear compensation in some of the control systems