1,552 research outputs found
Multinational Firms, Technology Diffusion and Trade
Empirical evidence indicates a close association between multinational firms and knowledge capital, a public good within the firm. We model a firm which wishes to exploit its knowledge capital abroad, but whose workers learn all the knowledge necessary for production and can defect and produce the good themselves. The home firm must then choose between costly exporting and the possible dissipation of its knowledge capital by producing abroad. The paper examines the choice between exporting, licensing, and acquiring a subsidiary in this environment. We analyze the cost and technology parameters that support the alternative modes of serving the foreign market, and we describe the international equilibrium that jointly determines the pattern of specialization and the market mode.
Steered Transition Path Sampling
We introduce a path sampling method for obtaining statistical properties of
an arbitrary stochastic dynamics. The method works by decomposing a trajectory
in time, estimating the probability of satisfying a progress constraint,
modifying the dynamics based on that probability, and then reweighting to
calculate averages. Because the progress constraint can be formulated in terms
of occurrences of events within time intervals, the method is particularly well
suited for controlling the sampling of currents of dynamic events. We
demonstrate the method for calculating transition probabilities in barrier
crossing problems and survival probabilities in strongly diffusive systems with
absorbing states, which are difficult to treat by shooting. We discuss the
relation of the algorithm to other methods.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Parton Distributions in Nucleons and Nuclei
We review the current status of Parton Distribution Function (PDF)
determinations for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for
unpolarized nuclei, which are probed by high-energy hadronic scattering in
perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). We present the established
theoretical framework, the experimental information, and the methodological
aspects inherent to any modern PDF extraction. Furthermore, we summarize the
present knowledge of PDFs and discuss their limitations in both accuracy and
precision relevant to advance our understanding of QCD proton substructure and
pursue our quest for precision in the Standard Model and beyond. In this
respect, we highlight various achievements, discuss contemporary issues in PDF
analyses, and outline future directions of progress.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; invited review submitted to Annual
Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol.70 (2020); version accepted for
publication; various references updated; improved discussion on implications
for astroparticle physic
Self-consistent determination of proton and nuclear PDFs at the Electron Ion Collider
We quantify the impact of unpolarized lepton-proton and lepton-nucleus
inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) cross section measurements from the
future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) on the proton and nuclear parton
distribution functions (PDFs). To this purpose we include neutral- and
charged-current DIS pseudodata in a self-consistent set of proton and nuclear
global PDF determinations based on the NNPDF methodology. We demonstrate that
the EIC measurements will reduce the uncertainty of the light quark PDFs of the
proton at large values of the momentum fraction , and, more significantly,
of the quark and gluon PDFs of heavy nuclei, especially at small and large .
We illustrate the implications of the improved precision of nuclear PDFs for
the interaction of ultra-high energy cosmic neutrinos with matter.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, In the context of the Electron-Ion collider
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Self-consistent determination of proton and nuclear PDFs at the Electron Ion Collider
We quantify the impact of unpolarized lepton-proton and lepton-nucleus inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) cross section measurements from the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) on the proton and nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs). To this purpose, we include neutral- and charged-current DIS pseudodata in a self-consistent set of proton and nuclear global PDF determinations based on the NNPDF methodology. We demonstrate that the EIC measurements will reduce the uncertainty of the light quark PDFs of the proton at large values of the momentum fraction x and, more significantly, of the quark and gluon PDFs of heavy nuclei, especially at small and large x. We illustrate the implications of the improved precision of nuclear PDFs for the interaction of ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrinos with matter
Moderate deviation principle for ergodic Markov chain. Lipschitz summands
For , we propose the MDP analysis for family where
be a homogeneous ergodic Markov chain, ,
when the spectrum of operator is continuous. The vector-valued function
is not assumed to be bounded but the Lipschitz continuity of is
required. The main helpful tools in our approach are Poisson's equation and
Stochastic Exponential; the first enables to replace the original family by
with a martingale while the second to avoid the
direct Laplace transform analysis
A functional non-central limit theorem for jump-diffusions with periodic coefficients driven by stable Levy-noise
We prove a functional non-central limit theorem for jump-diffusions with
periodic coefficients driven by strictly stable Levy-processes with stability
index bigger than one. The limit process turns out to be a strictly stable Levy
process with an averaged jump-measure. Unlike in the situation where the
diffusion is driven by Brownian motion, there is no drift related enhancement
of diffusivity.Comment: Accepted to Journal of Theoretical Probabilit
Rectification of thermal fluctuations in ideal gases
We calculate the systematic average speed of the adiabatic piston and a
thermal Brownian motor, introduced in [Van den Broeck, Kawai and Meurs,
\emph{Microscopic analysis of a thermal Brownian motor}, to appear in Phys.
Rev. Lett.], by an expansion of the Boltzmann equation and compare with the
exact numerical solution.Comment: 18 page
Thermoelectric phenomena via an interacting particle system
We present a mesoscopic model for thermoelectric phenomena in terms of an
interacting particle system, a lattice electron gas dynamics that is a suitable
extension of the standard simple exclusion process. We concentrate on
electronic heat and charge transport in different but connected metallic
substances. The electrons hop between energy-cells located alongside the
spatial extension of the metal wire. When changing energy level, the system
exchanges energy with the environment. At equilibrium the distribution
satisfies the Fermi-Dirac occupation-law. Installing different temperatures at
two connections induces an electromotive force (Seebeck effect) and upon
forcing an electric current, an additional heat flow is produced at the
junctions (Peltier heat). We derive the linear response behavior relating the
Seebeck and Peltier coefficients as an application of Onsager reciprocity. We
also indicate the higher order corrections. The entropy production is
characterized as the anti-symmetric part under time-reversal of the space-time
Lagrangian.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics
Multi-Site Bilingual Team-Based Grounded Theory Research: A Retrospective Methodological Review
Successful management of a multi-site bilingual team-based grounded theory study requires overcoming key challenges associated with implementation of a large-scale, multi-faceted project. This article retrospectively reviews the methodological strategies employed during a multi-site bilingual team-based grounded theory study that investigated the professional adaptation experiences of migrant social workers in Canada. The article presents the strategies that the research team engaged to overcome numerous challenges and successfully work together across a variety of contexts and systems, including (a) provincial contexts, (b) languages, (c) university systems, (d) virtual spaces, and (e) epistemological perspectives. The findings highlight the importance of leadership and teamwork as central to successful project completion
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