358 research outputs found
Benefactors, Bonds, and Beholders: The Beliefs and Reality Behind Beethovenâs Behavior
This paper will explore the relationships which Beethoven had during the years he composed and premiered his Eroica Symphony. Some of the individuals who will be discussed in this paper include Prince Lobkowitz, Ferdinand Ries, and Franz Wegeler. After learning about the nature of these relationships, the reader should begin to realize that Beethovenâs notoriously irrational or ill-tempered behavior was only one facet of his life
Long-range Kondo signature of a single magnetic impurity
The Kondo effect, one of the oldest correlation phenomena known in condensed
matter physics, has regained attention due to scanning tunneling spectroscopy
(STS) experiments performed on single magnetic impurities. Despite the
sub-nanometer resolution capability of local probe techniques one of the
fundamental aspects of Kondo physics, its spatial extension, is still subject
to discussion. Up to now all STS studies on single adsorbed atoms have shown
that observable Kondo features rapidly vanish with increasing distance from the
impurity. Here we report on a hitherto unobserved long range Kondo signature
for single magnetic atoms of Fe and Co buried under a Cu(100) surface. We
present a theoretical interpretation of the measured signatures using a
combined approach of band structure and many-body numerical renormalization
group (NRG) calculations. These are in excellent agreement with the rich
spatially and spectroscopically resolved experimental data.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures + 8 pages supplementary material; Nature Physics
(Jan 2011 - advanced online publication
Cytogerontology since 1881: A reappraisal of August Weismann and a review of modern progress
Cytogerontology, the science of cellular ageing, originated in 1881 with the prediction by August Weismann that the somatic cells of higher animals have limited division potential. Weismann's prediction was derived by considering the role of natural selection in regulating the duration of an organism's life. For various reasons, Weismann's ideas on ageing fell into neglect following his death in 1914, and cytogerontology has only reappeared as a major research area following the demonstration by Hayflick and Moorhead in the early 1960s that diploid human fibroblasts are restricted to a finite number of divisions in vitro.
In this review we give a detailed account of Weismann's theory, and we reveal that his ideas were both more extensive in their scope and more pertinent to current research than is generally recognised. We also appraise the progress which has been made over the past hundred years in investigating the causes of ageing, with particular emphasis being given to (i) the evolution of ageing, and (ii) ageing at the cellular level. We critically assess the current state of knowledge in these areas and recommend a series of points as primary targets for future research
Learning From Early Attempts to Generalize Darwinian Principles to Social Evolution
Copyright University of Hertfordshire & author.Evolutionary psychology places the human psyche in the context of evolution, and addresses the Darwinian processes involved, particularly at the level of genetic evolution. A logically separate and potentially complementary argument is to consider the application of Darwinian principles not only to genes but also to social entities and processes. This idea of extending Darwinian principles was suggested by Darwin himself. Attempts to do this appeared as early as the 1870s and proliferated until the early twentieth century. But such ideas remained dormant in the social sciences from the 1920s until after the Second World War. Some lessons can be learned from this earlier period, particularly concerning the problem of specifying the social units of selection or replication
Come back Marshall, all is forgiven? : Complexity, evolution, mathematics and Marshallian exceptionalism
Marshall was the great synthesiser of neoclassical economics. Yet with his qualified assumption of self-interest, his emphasis on variation in economic evolution and his cautious attitude to the use of mathematics, Marshall differs fundamentally from other leading neoclassical contemporaries. Metaphors inspire more specific analogies and ontological assumptions, and Marshall used the guiding metaphor of Spencerian evolution. But unfortunately, the further development of a Marshallian evolutionary approach was undermined in part by theoretical problems within Spencer's theory. Yet some things can be salvaged from the Marshallian evolutionary vision. They may even be placed in a more viable Darwinian framework.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio
Predicting outcome of internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms.
In this study we explored predictors and moderators of response to Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and Internet-based problem-solving therapy (PST) for depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 263 participants with moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Of those, 88 were randomized to CBT, 88 to PST and 87 to a waiting list control condition. Outcomes were improvement and clinically significant change in depressive symptoms after 8 weeks. Higher baseline depression and higher education predicted improvement, while higher education, less avoidance behavior and decreased rational problem-solving skills predicted clinically significant change across all groups. No variables were found that differentially predicted outcome between Internet-based CBT and Internet-based PST. More research is needed with sufficient power to investigate predictors and moderators of response to reveal for whom Internet-based therapy is best suited. © 2013 Copyright Society for Psychotherapy Research
Maritime Heritage in the Sultanate of Oman
With over 1700 km of coastline, the inhabitants of Oman have had a deep and enduring relationship with the sea for millennia. Located between the Arabian Gulf and the western Indian Ocean, its fishermen have relied on the sea for sustenance. Its mariners were involved in developing long-distance maritime trade from at least the Bronze Age and continued sailing the monsoonal trade routes well into the twentieth century. Periodically, its rulers have established maritime polities extending to Zanzibar and the Makran coast, creating sea-based migrations in the process. With such a rich and enduring seafaring past, it is therefore not surprising that the modern nation-state of Oman has had an active interest in studying and preserving its MUCH.This chapter explores the historical sources, archaeological finds and experimental activities that have allowed researchers to understand Omanâs maritime past and contribute to its current efforts to conserve and showcase its rich maritime connections
Cyanobacteria of the thermal spring at Pancharevo, Sofia, Bulgaria
Eight taxa of cyanobacteria were identified in the thermal spring at Pancharevo (in the Sofia basin, Bulgaria). As well as the widespread Lyngbya thermalis, Phormidesmis molle (syn. Phormidium molle), Phormidium papyraceum, Phormidium corium and Mastigocladus laminosus, four species were identified for the first time in Bulgaria: Calothrix thermalis, Gloeocapsa gelatinosa, Leibleinia epiphytica and Symploca thermalis
HospitalizaçÔes por condiçÔes cardiovasculares sensĂveis Ă atenção primĂĄria em municĂpios goianos
OBJETIVO: Analisar taxas de hospitalização por condiçÔes cardiovasculares sensĂveis Ă atenção primĂĄria. MĂTODOS: Estudo ecolĂłgico com 237 municĂpios do Estado de GoiĂĄs, de 2000 a 2008, utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar e Sistema de Informação da Atenção BĂĄsica. As taxas de hospitalização foram calculadas pela proporção entre o nĂșmero de hospitalizaçÔes por condiçÔes cardiovasculares e a população acima de 40 anos. Foram avaliadas em triĂȘnios: A (2000-2002), B (2003-2005) e C (2006-2008), segundo sexo, faixa etĂĄria, porte populacional, pertencimento Ă regiĂŁo metropolitana, macrorregiĂŁo de saĂșde, distĂąncia da capital, Ăndice de CondiçÔes de Vida e SaĂșde e cobertura de EstratĂ©gia SaĂșde da FamĂlia. A cobertura populacional potencial da SaĂșde da FamĂlia foi calculada conforme diretrizes do MinistĂ©rio da SaĂșde. A variabilidade das taxas foi avaliada segundo teste t e ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 253.254 internaçÔes (17,2% do total) por condiçÔes cardiovasculares sensĂveis Ă atenção primĂĄria. As taxas de hospitalização diminuĂram entre os triĂȘnios: A (213,5, dp = 104,6), B (199,7, dp = 96,3) e C (150,2, dp = 76,1), com diferença entre os perĂodos A-C e B-C (p < 0,001). Porte populacional municipal nĂŁo influenciou o comportamento das taxas. MunicĂpios prĂłximos Ă capital e aqueles da regiĂŁo metropolitana apresentaram maiores taxas (p < 0,001). Em todos os percentis do Ăndice de CondiçÔes de Vida e SaĂșde, houve redução das taxas (p < 0,001), exceto no percentil 1. Redução foi tambĂ©m observada em todas as macrorregiĂ”es, exceto na regiĂŁo nordeste do estado. A redução das taxas ocorreu independentemente da cobertura da SaĂșde da FamĂlia. CONCLUSĂES: As taxas de hospitalização por condiçÔes cardiovasculares sensĂveis Ă atenção primĂĄria diminuĂram nesses municĂpios, independentemente da cobertura da SaĂșde da FamĂlia
DETERMINATION OF TYPES OF INDIVIDUALS IN APHIDS, ROTIFERS AND CLADOCERA 1
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72827/1/j.1469-185X.1929.tb00888.x.pd
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