The effect of varoius drugs with neuroendocrine activity and transdermal estradiol on plasma gonadotropin concentrations after ovariectomy in reproductive-aged women.

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Biological Remediation of Contaminated Soils at Los Angeles Air Force Base: Facility Design and Engineering Cost Estimate

This report presents a system design for using bioremediation to treat contaminated soil at Fort MacArthur near Los Angeles, California. The soil was contaminated by petroleum products that leaked from two underground storage tanks. Laboratory studies indicated that, with the addition of water and nutrients, soil bacteria can reduce the petroleum content of the soils to levels that meet regulatory standards. The system design includes soil excavation, screening, and mixing; treatment in five soil-slurry/sequencing-batch reactors; and dewatering by a rapid-infiltration basin. System specifications and cost estimates are provided. 5 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs

The effect of various drugs with neuroendocrine activity and transdermal estradiol on plasma gonadotropin concentrations after ovariectomy in reproductive-aged women

In the present study we compared the effect of different neuroactive drugs with that of estrogen treatment on the ovariectomy-induced plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) changes. A total of 35 menstruating women undergoing ovariectomy were randomly divided into five groups of 7 patients each, receiving a 4-week treatment with oral clonidine, lisuride and sodium valproate, transdermal 17 beta-estradiol, or placebo. The treatment started the day after ovariectomy. Surgery was done during the early follicular phase of the cycle. Blood samples were collected before and after 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of treatment. During the treatment, hot flushes were subjectively recorded. The placebo-treated group showed a progressive increase in plasma LH and FSH concentration during the month following ovariectomy. The same changes occurred in the lisuride and sodium valproate treated groups. Plasma LH levels in ovariectomized women treated with clonidine showed an increase which was higher than in placebo-treated women (p less than 0.01), while FSH levels were similar to those in the placebo group. In the estradiol-treated group the increase in both gonadotropins was significantly less (p less than 0.01) than in the placebo group. The frequency and intensity of hot flushes were high in placebo and sodium valproate treated subjects, being significantly reduced by clonidine, lisuride and estrogen treatment. Our results seem to indicate that clonidine treatment modulates the LH postcastration rise and that both neuroendocrine and gonadal mechanisms influence the changes in the activity of the GnRH-pituitary axis following ovariectomy

The effect of various drugs with neuroendocrine activity and transdermal estradiol on plasma gonadotropin concentrations after ovariectomy in reproductive-aged women.

In the present study we compared the effect of different neuroactive drugs with that of estrogen treatment on the ovariectomy-induced plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) changes. A total of 35 menstruating women undergoing ovariectomy were randomly divided into five groups of 7 patients each, receiving a 4-week treatment with oral clonidine, lisuride and sodium valproate, transdermal 17 beta-estradiol, or placebo. The treatment started the day after ovariectomy. Surgery was done during the early follicular phase of the cycle. Blood samples were collected before and after 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of treatment. During the treatment, hot flushes were subjectively recorded. The placebo-treated group showed a progressive increase in plasma LH and FSH concentration during the month following ovariectomy. The same changes occurred in the lisuride and sodium valproate treated groups. Plasma LH levels in ovariectomized women treated with clonidine showed an increase which was higher than in placebo-treated women (p less than 0.01), while FSH levels were similar to those in the placebo group. In the estradiol-treated group the increase in both gonadotropins was significantly less (p less than 0.01) than in the placebo group. The frequency and intensity of hot flushes were high in placebo and sodium valproate treated subjects, being significantly reduced by clonidine, lisuride and estrogen treatment. Our results seem to indicate that clonidine treatment modulates the LH postcastration rise and that both neuroendocrine and gonadal mechanisms influence the changes in the activity of the GnRH-pituitary axis following ovariectomy

Evaluation of a soil slurry reactor system for treating soil contaminated with munitions compounds

Two 0.5-L semicontinuous soil slurry reactors were operated for seven months to evaluate the performance of the slurry reactor system in bioremediating soil contaminated with munitions compounds. Nitrogen and carbon were supplemented. The soil slurry was mixed continuously and aerated 10 min/day. Ten percent of the contaminated soil was replaced every week. The 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentration in soil began to drop after 15 days of treatment, falling to less than 0.5 mg/kg from 7800 mg/kg. Total plate counts in both reactors indicated that the bacterial population was maintained, with an average plate count of about 10{sup 8} CFU/mL. The soil slurry was slightly acidic. In addition to TNT, the slurry reactor also removed the other munitions compounds trinitrobenzene (TNB), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), RDX, and HMX. Radiolabeling studies on the reactor biomass showed that 23% of [{sup C}14]TNT was mineralized, while 27% was used as biomass and 8% was adsorbed on to the soil. The rest of the [{sup 14}C]TNT was accounted for as TNT metabolites. Increasing the frequency of soil replacement from once to two or three times weekly did not affect the TNT removal rates. However, the slurry system showed signs of stress, with highly acidic conditions and low oxygen uptake rates