Is there a cranial nerve other than the 7th co- involved in bell’s palsy? Answer to the systematic review

Bell’s palsy is characterised by one-sided lower motor neuron impairment of the facial nerve. Even though Bell’s palsy is a peripheral facial nerve palsy, other cranial nerves should be investigated, because they are anatomically interconnected rather than isolated. The study aimed to look for evidence of other cranial nerves being involved in Bell’s palsy. CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus, all of which were updated until May 2021, were used to conduct a comprehensive search. Bell’s palsy research focused on the origins and cause of the condition, regardless of study design, was eligible for inclusion. Animal research, non-English studies, grey literature, studies with no full text available, and those published in non-peer-reviewed journals, were excluded. While 3883 papers were found during the initial search, only 13 were included in the final study. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and Sackett’s standard of evidence was used to assess the validity of the papers that were screened. The most common type was case series (n=5), followed by case-control (n=4), case report (n=3), and cross-sectional (n=1). Most of the articles were categorised as Level-IV (n=8), followed by Level-V (n=3), with only two studies classified as Level- III (n=2) by Sackett’s criteria. The trigeminal and vestibulocochlear nerves are the most involved cranial nerves in Bell’s palsy. The optic, oculomotor, trigeminal, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves are the seven cranial nerves potentially associated with Bell’s palsy

Is there a cranial nerve other than the 7th co-involved in Bell Palsy? answer to the systematic review

Bell’s palsy is characterised by one-sided lower motor neuron impairment of the facial nerve. Even though Bell’s palsy is a peripheral facial nerve palsy, other cranial nerves should be investigated, because they are anatomically interconnected rather than isolated. The study aimed to look for evidence of other cranial nerves being involved in Bell’s palsy. CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus, all of which were updated until May 2021, were used to conduct a comprehensive search. Bell’s palsy research focused on the origins and cause of the condition, regardless of study design, was eligible for inclusion. Animal research, non-English studies, grey literature, studies with no full text available, and those published in non-peer-reviewed journals, were excluded. While 3883 papers were found during the initial search, only 13 were included in the final study. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and Sackett’s standard of evidence was used to assess the validity of the papers that were screened. The most common type was case series (n=5), followed by case-control (n=4), case report (n=3), and cross-sectional (n=1). Most of the articles were categorised as Level-IV (n=8), followed by Level-V (n=3), with only two studies classified as LevelIII (n=2) by Sackett’s criteria. The trigeminal and vestibulocochlear nerves are the most involved cranial nerves in Bell’s palsy. The optic, oculomotor, trigeminal, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves are the seven cranial nerves potentially associated with Bell’s palsy

Simulasi Sistem Penggunaan Ruangan di Gedung Griya Legita Universitas Pertamina

Pendidikan adalah suatu usaha sadar dan terencana yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas manusia yang diperoleh dari proses belajar mengajar. Universitas Pertamina adalah perguruan tinggi swasta yang membutuhkan infrastruktur dalam mendukung Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar (KBM). Gedung Griya Legita adalah salah satu infrastruktur yang digunakan Universitas Pertamina untuk proses KBM, perkumpulan organisasi, UKM, dan kegiatan lainnya. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam penggunaan gedung Griya Legita adalah terhambatnya kegiatan yang akan dilakukan akibat keterbatasan jumlah ruang kelas dan jadwal perkuliahan. Simulasi diskrit atau discrete event simulation (DES) dikembangkan untuk mencari alternatif solusi. Berdasarkan hasil pengembangan model simulasi, alternatif solusi optimal yang dihasilkan adalah dengan membangun 6 unit ruang kelas tambahan, sehingga variabel decline bernilai 0. Penambahan 6 unit ruang kelas mengakibatkan penurunan utilitas rata – rata ruang kelas menjadi 70,01%