Effect of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy on Psychological Wellbeing of Elderly residing in Rojavanam Old age Home at Madurai

A study to evaluate the effect of cognitive stimulation therapy on psychological wellbeing of elderly residing in Rojavanam old age home at Madurai was undertaken by Mrs. R. Prathiba during the Academic year, 2018-2019 in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in nursing at RASS Academy college of Nursing, poovanthi, which is affiliated to the Tamilnadu Dr.M.G.R Medical University, Chennai. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the pre level of psychological wellbeing of elderly in the intervention and control group. 2. To find out the effect of cognitive stimulation therapy on psychological wellbeing of elderly in intervention and control group. 3. To compare the post level of psychological wellbeing of elderly in intervention and control group. 4. To associate the pre-level of psychological wellbeing of elderly with their selected demographics variables in intervention and control group. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: The study framework was based on Widenbach’s helping art clinical nursing theory, to find the effectiveness of cognitive stimulation therapy in on psychological wellbeing of elderly. APPROACH: Quantitative approach was adopted. DESIGN: True experimental pre-test post-test only design was adopted. SETTING: The study was conducted in Rojavanam old age home, at Madurai. SAMPLE SIZE: The sample size was 60 elderly, 30 in intervention group and 30 in control group. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: The probability random sampling technique was used. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE: First day prelevel of psychological wellbeing and cognition was assessed by using psychological wellbeing index and mini mental status examination for 60 samples. The cognitive stimulation therapy was given for 45minutes per day on non-consecutive days for intervention group (30) in 14 sessions while the control group (30) did not receive any treatment. The post test conducted after 5 weeks for both the group using the same tool as same as pretest. RESULTS: The result showed that, there was a difference in pre and post level of psychological wellbeing of elderly in intervention group, the t value (6.33) was greater than the table value at 0.05% significance. There was a significant difference in post level of psychological wellbeing in intervention and control group, the t value (5.74) was greater than the table value at 0.05% significance. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that psychological wellbeing of an elderly is strongly knitted to the cognition of a person. The therapy activities reduces the burden of disability through the heightening the cognition parallelly enhancing the wellbeing of an individual

ECG Monitoring and Real-Time Wireless Transmission System for Ambulance

ECG is the most vital parameter, and it gives information about the current condition of the patient. The ECG measuring instruments available today are of high cost and hence there is a need to build an economical system. The patient has to be continuously monitored and the data has to be immediately sent to the doctor in the hospital to analyze and suggest any first aid, which will help the crew in the ambulance to take necessary action according to the doctor’s suggestion. Also, the doctors at the hospital are informed of the severity of condition of the patient and hence can make appropriate preparations for the treatment, particularly in cases of life-threatening medical conditions like circulatory shock. Thus, in this project we have built ECG monitoring system to process the ECG signal in the ambulance and have used zigbee wireless communication to transmit the signal to the hospital server. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15057

Anticonvulsant activity of Adhatoda vasica leaves by pentylenetetrazol model: preliminary evaluation in rats

Background: Epilepsy is a disorder characterised by recurrent seizures of cerebral origin with episodes of sensory, motor phenomenon with or without loss of consciousness. The present study was taken up to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica in rats. Objectives of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats and to compare the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves with standard dose of sodium valproate on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica was analysed using PTZ (Pentylenetetrazol) model. Groups used were distilled water as control group, Sodium valproate as standard for Pentylenetetrazol and two doses of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica (100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for this screening model. Parameters observed for PTZ models were abolition of clonic seizures and time duration between injection of PTZ and onset of seizures.Results: In PTZ model, test group at 200 mg/kg showed 33.33% protection for abolition of clonic seizures, though not comparable to standard group. There was significant increase in the duration of onset of clonic seizures after PTZ injection in both test groups (at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) when compared to control group.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica has shown significant anticonvulsant action in PTZ model

ffect of combined enzyme and amino silicone finishing treatment on moisture characteristics of jute/cotton knitted fabric

This research work aims to increase the utilization of jute fibre in the commercial apparel sector by modifying its properties through silicone finishing treatment. In this work, a 40/60 jute/cotton blended yarn is flat knitted as single jersey fabric. The developed jute/cotton fabric is subjected to a combined enzyme and amino silicone finishing treatment to increase the softness of the fabric. Both the untreated and finished fabrics are evaluated for their moisture management ability as per standards. The findings show that the combined enzyme and amino silicone finishing treatment has significantly (p>0.05) influenced the moisture management properties of the knitted fabric. The one-way moisture transport capacity (OWTC) of the finished knitted fabric is rated as "very good" from "poor" (untreated). The overall moisture management capacity (OMMC) rating is also increased from "very poor" to "good" after finishing. The Pearson correlation analysis results reveal that the OWTC and OMMC indices are positively and linearly correlated to each other (r2 = 0.999). The finishing process has modified the fabric properties from water repellent fabric to water absorption fabric. The findings of the research provide a new avenue for jute fibre as a component of day to day apparels.

Effect of combined enzyme and amino silicone finishing treatment on moisture characteristics of jute/cotton knitted fabric

174-181This research work aims to increase the utilization of jute fibre in the commercial apparel sector by modifying its properties through silicone finishing treatment. In this work, a 40/60 jute/cotton blended yarn is flat knitted as single jersey fabric. The developed jute/cotton fabric is subjected to a combined enzyme and amino silicone finishing treatment to increase the softness of the fabric. Both the untreated and finished fabrics are evaluated for their moisture management ability as per standards. The findings show that the combined enzyme and amino silicone finishing treatment has significantly (p>0.05) influenced the moisture management properties of the knitted fabric. The one-way moisture transport capacity (OWTC) of the finished knitted fabric is rated as "very good" from "poor" (untreated). The overall moisture management capacity (OMMC) rating is also increased from "very poor" to "good" after finishing. The Pearson correlation analysis results reveal that the OWTC and OMMC indices are positively and linearly correlated to each other (r2 = 0.999). The finishing process has modified the fabric properties from water repellent fabric to water absorption fabric. The findings of the research provide a new avenue for jute fibre as a component of day to day apparels

Analysis of MUC4 expression in the prostatic adenocarcinoma and its pathological implications

Background: Expression of various types of mucins has been documented in several malignancies and seems to play a sentinel role in some epithelial malignancies. MUC1 and MUC4 are two transmembrane mucins that are involved in cell signalling events that drive the proliferation of cells. Therefore, mucins may be important biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy due to their frequently altered expression pattern in carcinomas. The objective of the study was to determine the expression pattern of MUC-4 in prostate cancer and to correlate the expression with clinicopathological parameters.Methods: Thirty cases of prostate carcinomas of different grades were selected from the case files of our institute for the study. Immunohistochemistry was done on all cases using monoclonal antibodies against MUC- 4 by the avidin biotin technique. The expression and pattern of staining were analyzed .Staining pattern in the adjacent benign areas were also noted.Results: Our study showed that expression of MUC4 was considerably down regulated in prostate cancer tissues when compared to normal or benign prostatic tissue. Few cases of prostate cancer showed a moderate staining while majority cases of adjacent normal areas were moderate to strongly positivity.Conclusions: The results of our study implies that MUC4 is down regulated in prostate cancer and this may be of significance for diagnostic application and tumor progression in prostate cancer. Since MUC4 is known to modulate HER2/ErbB2 signalling it may prospectively prove to be useful in prostate cancer therapy

Optimized architecture for SNOW 3G

SNOW 3G is a synchronous, word-oriented stream cipher used by the 3GPP standards as a confidentiality and integrity algorithms. It is used as first set in long term evolution (LTE) and as a second set in universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) networks. The cipher uses 128-bit key and 128 bit IV to produce 32-bit ciphertext. The paper presents two techniques for performance enhancement. The first technique uses novel CLA architecture to minimize the propagation delay of the 232 modulo adders. The second technique uses novel architecture for S-box to minimize the chip area. The presented work uses VHDL language for coding. The same is implemented on the FPGA device Virtex xc5vfx100e manufactured by Xilinx. The presented architecture achieved a maximum frequency of 254.9 MHz and throughput of 7.2235 Gbps

28-day repeated dose oral toxicity of a herbal mixture dia-2, containing standardized extracts of allium sativum and lagerstroemia speciosa in sprague dawley rats.

Allium sativum [ASE] and Lagerstroemia speciosa [LSE] are widely used in folk medicine as a medication for diabetes. DIA-2 is a polyherbal antidiabetic formulation containing fixed combination [1:1 w/w] of standardized aqueous extracts of Allium sativum bulbs containing 1.1 % alliin w/w and 40 % hydroalcholic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves containing 1.28% w/w corosolic acid. Earlier studies in our laboratories have demonstrated the oral safety of DIA-2 on acute oral exposure to female Sprague Dawley [SD] rats and the antidiabetic activity of DIA-2 in high-fat diet fed/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The ingredients of DIA-2 have long history safety but however, there is little toxicological information regarding the oral safety on repeated exposure of ASE and LSE when given as a combined mixture. The present study evaluated the repeated oral toxicity of DIA-2 in both the sexes of SD rats.  Rats were treated orally once with 62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg body weight, and animals were observed till the 28 days of study. On repeated oral administration, DIA-2 showed did not exhibit any clinical signs of toxicity, mortality, significant change in food, water consumption, body weight, mortality, clinical chemistry, hematology, organ weight, gross pathology and histopathology when varying doses of the DIA-2 were administered orally once daily for a period of 28 days. The NOAEL [No Observed Adverse Effect Level] of DIA-2 in this study was identified to be greater than 250 mg/kg/day. The results from the study suggest that there are no toxicologically significant effects on 28 day repeated oral administration of DIA-2 and the data also provide satisfactory preclinical evidence on its oral safety to support its use as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Competing risks analysis for neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of diabetic retinopathy incidence in the Scottish population

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major sight-threatening microvascular complication in individuals with diabetes. Systemic inflammation combined with oxidative stress is thought to capture most of the complexities involved in the pathology of diabetic retinopathy. A high level of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an indicator of abnormal immune system activity. Current estimates of the association of NLR with diabetes and its complications are almost entirely derived from cross-sectional studies, suggesting that the nature of the reported association may be more diagnostic than prognostic. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the utility of NLR as a biomarker to predict the incidence of DR in the Scottish population.Methods: The incidence of DR was defined as the time to the first diagnosis of R1 or above grade in the Scottish retinopathy grading scheme from type 2 diabetes diagnosis. The effect of NLR and its interactions were explored using a competing risks survival model adjusting for other risk factors and accounting for deaths. The Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model (FGR) was used to predict the effect of NLR on the incidence of DR.Results: We analysed data from 23,531 individuals with complete covariate information. At 10 years, 8416 (35.8%) had developed DR and 2989 (12.7%) were lost to competing events (death) without developing DR and 12,126 individuals did not have DR. The median (interquartile range) level of NLR was 2.04 (1.5 to 2.7). The optimal NLR cut-off value to predict retinopathy incidence was 3.04. After accounting for competing risks at 10 years, the cumulative incidence of DR and deaths without DR were 50.7% and 21.9%, respectively. NLR was associated with incident DR in both Cause-specific hazard (CSH = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.28–2.07) and FGR models the subdistribution hazard (sHR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.70–2.94). Both age and HbA 1c were found to modulate the association between NLR and the risk of DR.Conclusions: The current study suggests that NLR has a promising potential to predict DR incidence in the Scottish population, especially in individuals less than 65 years and in those with well-controlled glycaemic status.</p