Influence of strategic interrelationships and decision-making in chilean port networks on their degree of sustainability

Indexación ScopusAn extensive literary review is carried out to determine the strategic and business advantages, and difficulties that non-smart ports must face to develop sustainability. Based on a two-port case study, the strategic text of the corporate missions of port administrators and operators is analyzed and classified in order to understand to what extend economic, social and environmental aspects are fulfilled. A conceptual model is designed for an information system based on indicators that can determine the state or degree of sustainability in the critical operational activities of the ports studied. A system is proposed that is based on a data warehouse core and a multidimensional database, which can be implemented in the Relational On-Line Analytical Processing (ROLAP) mode, allowing taking advantage of the good characteristics of relational databases without losing the On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) approach. A discussion of the strategic feasibility of implementing this conceptual model of case study monitoring and its long-term benefits is delivered. The conclusions state that the development of this green technology requires cultural changes, public policy initiatives and the incorporation of new actors. In addition, more research is needed in this area to identify other relevant sustainable variables. © 2021 by the authors.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/395

Revisión bibliográfica sobre estrategias no farmacológicas para la prevención primaria de la diabetes mellitus gestacional

Objective: analyze the knowledge state of the main non-pharmacological strategies for the primary prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: narrative bibliographic review. The search for articles was carried out using MeSH terms in Pubmed, Cochrane and Google academic search engines, with the following inclusion criteria: clinical trial type studies, related to primary prevention of GDM, and non-pharmacological strategies for primary prevention of GDM, in english and spanish, published in the last five years Results: the strategies related to nutritional modifications, mainly those using a Mediterranean pattern, professionally supervised physical activity programs, educational activities initiated in the preconception stage that focus on lifestyle modification, and the use of the supplement inositol were those with positive results. Other strategies such as the use of probiotics have been inconclusive. Conclusion: the evidence proposes several non-pharmacological strategies for the primary prevention of GDM with effective results. In this context, it is suggested to strengthen the knowledge and capacity of health professionals to implement these strategies, and at the same time, to increase the development of new research that collaborates in this process.Objetivo: analizar el estado del conocimiento de las principales estrategias no farmacológicas para la prevención primaria de la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Método: revisión bibliográfica tipo narrativa. La búsqueda de artículos se hizo mediante términos MeSH en los buscadores Pubmed, Cochrane y Google académico, con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: estudios de ensayos clínicos relacionados con la prevención primaria de la DMG y estrategias no farmacológicas para la prevención primaria de la DMG en idiomas inglés y español, publicados en los últimos cinco años. Resultados: las estrategias con resultados positivos para prevenir la DMG fueron aquellas relacionadas con modificaciones nutricionales, principalmente las que utilizan un patrón mediterráneo, programas de actividad física supervisados por profesionales, actividades educativas iniciadas en la etapa preconcepcional -enfocadas en modificar el estilo de vida- y el uso del suplemento inositol. Otras investigaciones, como el uso de probióticos, no fueron concluyentes. Conclusión:  la evidencia propone diversas estrategias no farmacológicas para la prevención primaria de la DMG con resultados efectivos. En ese contexto, se sugiere fortalecer el conocimiento y la capacidad de implementar estas estrategias por parte de profesionales de la salud y, a la vez, aumentar la realización de nuevas investigaciones que colaboren en este proceso

A review of combined advanced oxidation technologies for the removal of organic pollutants from water

Water pollution through natural and anthropogenic activities has become a global problem causing short-and long-term impact on human and ecosystems. Substantial quantity of individual or mixtures of organic pollutants enter the surface water via point and nonpoint sources and thus affect the quality of freshwater. These pollutants are known to be toxic and difficult to remove by mere biological treatment. To date, most researches on the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater were based on the exploitation of individual treatment process. This single-treatment technology has inherent challenges and shortcomings with respect to efficiency and economics. Thus, application of two advanced treatment technologies characterized with high efficiency with respect to removal of primary and disinfection by-products in wastewater is desirable. This review article focuses on the application of integrated technologies such as electrohydraulic discharge with heterogeneous photocatalysts or sonophotocatalysis to remove target pollutants. The information gathered from more than 100 published articles, mostly laboratories studies, shows that process integration effectively remove and degrade recalcitrant toxic contaminants in wastewater better than single-technology processing. This review recommends an improvement on this technology (integrated electrohydraulic discharge with heterogeneous photocatalysts) viz-a-vis cost reduction in order to make it accessible and available in the rural and semi-urban settlement. Further recommendation includes development of an economic model to establish the cost implications of the combined technology. Proper monitoring, enforcement of the existing environmental regulations, and upgrading of current wastewater treatment plants with additional treatment steps such as photocatalysis and ozonation will greatly assist in the removal of environmental toxicants

Important Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Multisite Qualitative Study

© 2017, The Author(s). Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a variable and complex inflammatory condition. Symptoms can compromise physical function, reduce quality of life, and accrue significant health costs. Commonly used patient-reported outcomes largely reflect the professionals’ perspective, however it is not known whether they capture what is important to patients. Objective: The aim of our study was to identify treatment outcomes important to patients with PsA. Methods: Eight focus groups that were audio recorded, transcribed, anonymised and analysed using inductive thematic analysis were conducted at five hospital sites. The full data set was analysed by the lead researcher, and subsets analysed by three team members (including patient partners). Results: Overall, 41 patients sampled for a range of phenotypes and domains of disease activity participated in the study: 20 males; mean age 58years (range 28–75, standard deviation [SD] 11.4); mean disease duration 9years (range 0.5–39, SD 8.3); and mean Health Assessment Questionnaire score of 1 (range 0.0–2.5, SD 0.7). Over 60 outcomes were identified and grouped into four themes: (i) symptom alleviation (e.g. pain, fatigue, itchy skin, swelling, and reducing variability); (ii) reduction of disease impact (e.g. tiredness and pain, mobility and dexterity, deteriorating physical fitness, negative emotional responses, and strained relationships and social interactions); (iii) improved prognosis (e.g. slowing down disease progression, maintaining independence, and enhancing quality of life); and (iv) minimisation of treatment harm and burden (e.g. nausea, long-term effects, and administration and monitoring of treatments). Conclusions: Outcomes from treatments that are important to patients, which relate to impacts from PsA and its treatment that range beyond those outcomes commonly measured, were identified. These patient perspectives need to be considered when evaluating treatments

Healthcare students' perceptions and experiences of making errors in simulation: An integrative review

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Background: Research literature suggests that learning from mistakes facilitates news insights and leads to professional development. The significant growth in the use of simulation-based learning is premised on the understanding that in this context learners can make and learn from their errors without negatively impacting real patients. However, studies also suggest that making errors can be emotionally detrimental to learners. Given these contradictory findings, this literature review explores learners' views about this phenomenon. Objective: The objective of this integrated review was to explore healthcare students' perceptions of making errors during simulation-based learning experiences. Design: Whittemore and Knafl's framework for integrated reviews was used to structure this review. Data sources: Five electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and SCOPUS and the search engine Google Scholar were searched. The initial terms used were nursing students, medical students, health professionals, error*, mistake*, and simulation. Methods: The original search resulted in 2317 potential records. After screening against the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 11 articles were critically appraised using The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist and were included in the review. Results: The two overarching themes to emerge from the analysis were the impact of errors on learners and the impact of errors on learning. Conclusion: Despite the negative feelings experienced by some students regarding making mistakes in simulation, there were key factors that moderated the impact of these feelings and transformed the errors into learning opportunities. These included: the provision of a safe learning environment where constructive feedback was provided by skilled educators, and where students were supported to take responsibility for their mistakes. Although the findings suggest that making mistakes in simulation-based learning can be beneficial, optimising learning from mistakes requires a deliberate and thoughtful approach in which educators plan for and support learners to recognise, acknowledge and respond effectively to errors

A conceptual model to inform the design of healthcare simulations that promote errors as a catalyst for learning: A discussion paper.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that students who are engaged in learning tasks and make errors before receiving instruction on how to complete them, achieve better learning outcomes than students who first receive instruction and then complete the learning activities with the aim of avoiding errors. Although simulation literature often refers to errors as learning opportunities, to date, there is limited understanding of how pedagogical approaches that promote learning from errors can guide the design of simulation-based learning in healthcare education. AIMS: To (a) present the Learning from Errors conceptual model; and (b) provide an example of how educators can use this model. DESIGN: The Learning from Errors model is drawn from critical elements of two pedagogical approaches, productive failure and error management training and pedagogical features of high-quality healthcare simulations. METHODS: We describe the Learning from Errors model, which emphasises the need for adopting pedagogical methods that explicitly use errors as learning opportunities and ultimately inform simulation design. We then illustrate the application of this model to a simulation example. RESULTS: The model includes the following elements: i) normalisation of errors, ii) challenging simulation scenarios, iii) self-directed learning, iv) collaborative teamwork and v) comparison with best practice. CONCLUSION: This discussion paper presents the Learning from Errors conceptual model, an evidence-based approach that can assist educators in the design of simulations that embrace errors as a catalyst for learning

Measuring the impact of productive failure on nursing students' learning in healthcare simulation: A quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that making errors in a non-threatening simulated environment can facilitate learning. Productive failure, which combines problem-solving tasks followed by instruction, enables students to learn from making mistakes. This teaching approach has demonstrated improved learning outcomes such as explanatory knowledge and transfer of knowledge compared to a direct instruction approach where students receive instruction prior to problem-solving tasks. However, no previous studies have examined the impact of productive failure on nursing students' learning in manikin-based simulation. OBJECTIVE: To measure the impact of productive failure on nursing students' declarative knowledge, explanatory knowledge, and transfer of knowledge compared to a direct instruction approach in a paediatric closed head injury simulation. METHODS: Second year undergraduate nursing students (n = 349) from one Australian university were invited to participate in the study. Consenting participants (n = 344) were randomised into two groups: productive failure and direct instruction. The intervention consisted of two paediatric closed head injury simulations separated by a simulation debrief. Knowledge tests were administered before and immediately after the simulation. RESULTS: Data from 331 participants were analysed. The productive failure group outperformed the direct instruction group in the post-test (p < 0.001). Learning gains for participants in the productive failure group were significantly higher than the direct instruction group for both explanatory knowledge (p < 0.001) and the ability to apply learning to solve novel clinical problems (p < 0.001). The difference in the median scores for declarative knowledge was not significant (p = 0.096). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that a productive failure simulation that leads learners to make mistakes before receiving instruction can facilitate deeper levels of explanatory knowledge and enable the transfer of learning to new clinical situations. These results suggest the need for further exploration of pedagogies that foster learning from errors in simulation-based learning

Características de la canal de cabritos criollos: efecto de la alimentación y del sexo

Se analizó el efecto de la alimentación y del sexo, sobre la composición al desposte y la composición anatómica de los cortes pierna y espaldilla, en 50 cabritos de ambos sexos sacrificados a los 10 kg de peso vivo. En las canales se midió el área de ojo de lomo y el peso de la grasa perirrenal y pélvica. Posteriormente las canales se dividieron en cortes comerciales.El rendimiento porcentual de los cortes comerciales no fue afectado por la alimentación ni el sexo, como tampoco el rendimiento de los componentes anatómicos.Las correlaciones obtenidas entre mediciones simples de la canal y los componentes anatómicos obtenidos por disección, alcanzaron valores medios.Palabras claves: Cabritos, Canales, CaracteristicasAbstractThe effect of feeding and sex on cutting composition and anatomic composition of legs and hind quarters cuts, in 50 native kids, males and females, slaughtered at 10 kg live weight, was analized. The area of longissimus dorsi and perirenal and pelvic fat was measured. The carcasses were separated in commercial cuts. The carcass yield percentage of commercial cuts and anatomic carcass components, were not affected by feed and sex. Correlations between carcass measurements and anatomic dissected components were not significative.Key words: Kids, Carcass, Characteristics.