Effects of salinity and waterlogging on ion uptake and growth of wheat varieties

Abstract Salinity and waterlogging are the widespread problems of many areas of Pakistan. Wheat varieties were tested at salinity, waterlogging and saline-waterlogging treatments for their performance to Na + , K + , stomatal conductance, SPAD (Special Products Analysis Division) chlorophyll, grain dry weight, ear/plant and grain/plant measurements. Na + content in leaves was continuously increased with saline and saline-waterlogged treatments. Also, K + content was increased with salinity treatment but decreased with saline-waterlogged treatment. Stomatal conductance decreased with waterlogging, saline and saline-waterlogged treatments but SPAD readings were not influenced by these treatments. Generally, waterlogging increase the grain dry weight, ear and grain number per plant. However, this was greatly reduced by saline and salinewaterlogged treatments in all varieties

Can Self-Build Housing improve Social Sustainability within Low-Income Groups?

This paper explores how affordable communal self-build housing affects levels of social cohesion, social capital and participation amongst low-income community members. Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with members of five low-cost self-build communities in England and Wales elicited that through a shared vision and sustained common sense of purpose, high levels of social capital and participation were evident at the start of the projects, and can continue into later phases. However, without a formal social structure and continued shared visioning within self-build housing communities, social cohesion was found to deteriorate with negative consequences for participation, and in some cases showing a lack of social cohesion or leading to conflict