Observation of genuine three-photon interference

Multiparticle quantum interference is critical for our understanding and exploitation of quantum information, and for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. A remarkable example of multi-partite correlations is exhibited by the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. In a GHZ state, three particles are correlated while no pairwise correlation is found. The manifestation of these strong correlations in an interferometric setting has been studied theoretically since 1990 but no three-photon GHZ interferometer has been realized experimentally. Here we demonstrate three-photon interference that does not originate from two-photon or single photon interference. We observe phase-dependent variation of three-photon coincidences with 90.5 \pm 5.0 % visibility in a generalized Franson interferometer using energy-time entangled photon triplets. The demonstration of these strong correlations in an interferometric setting provides new avenues for multiphoton interferometry, fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and quantum information applications in higher dimensions.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Web-Based Spatial Decision Support System and Watershed Management with a Case Study

In order to maintain a proper balance between development pressure and water resources protection, and also to improve public participation, efficient tools and techniques for soil and water conservation projects are needed. This paper describes the development and application of a web-based watershed management spatial decision support system, WebWMPI. The WebWMPI uses the Watershed Management Priority Indices (WMPI) approach which is a prioritizing method for watershed management planning and it integrates land use/cover, hydrological data, soils, slope, roads, and other spatial data. The land is divided into three categories: Conservation Priority Index (CPI) land, Restoration Priority Index (RPI) land, and Stormwater Management Priority Index (SMPI) land. Within each category, spatial factors are rated based on their influence on water resources and critical areas can be identified for soil conservation, water quality protection and improvement. The WebWMPI has user-friendly client side graphical interfaces which enable the public to interactively run the server side Geographic Information System to evaluate different scenarios for watershed planning and management. The system was applied for Dry Run Creek watershed (Cedar Falls, Iowa, US) as a demonstration and it can be easily used in other watersheds to prioritize crucial areas and to increase public participation for soil and water conservation projects

Narcissism and prosocial behavior

There are many motivations for prosocial behavior, some more altruistic and some more egoistic. We posit that more narcissistic people may perform prosocial acts strategically, for example, to improve their reputations or to receive something in return

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cheese Structure

Cheese quality and quality evaluation are important in the production and marketing of cheeses. The commercial value and acceptability of bard and semi-bard cheeses are greatly affected by the cheese structure and body features. This is a feasibility study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to evaluate cheese structure. The results indicate that MRI is a non-destructive method which can provide high resolution images of the inner structure of cheeses, particularly the presence of air and whey pockets as small as 0.1 x 0.1 x I mm. It may be used to study and evaluate eye structure, size, and distribution in Swiss-type cheeses, as well as to detect structural defects associated with Swiss-type and Cheddar cheeses. The information provided by this method is unique and can be used on a daily basis to follow cheese ripening, evaluate process parameters, detect cheese contamination by gas-forming bacteria, and provide reliable information necessary for proper cheese grading

Expanded Use of the VPCML Oxygenator

The Variable Prime Cobe Membrane Lung (VPCML) is a membrane gas exchange device originally developed for the short term cardiopulmonary support of infants and small adults. A particular advantage is its low static priming volume of 425 cc. To assess the efficacy of the VPCML in heavier patients, we used it for cardiopulmonary bypass in 123 consecutive adult patients weighing 47-120 kg (mean 78 ± 15 kg). Arterial and venous blood gases were obtained simultaneously at maximum hypothermia and during rewarming. Venous pO2 was used to assess the adequacy of perfusion. Mean venous pO2 during rewarming between the 60–70 kg group (n=22) and the 90–100 kg group (n=17) was 38±8 mmHg and 38±6 mmHg respectively (p = NS). Our results, with a mean flow of 3.79 ± 0.39 LPM, showed excellent gas exchange at maximum hypothermia and during rewarming regardless of weight range. In summary, our experience with the VPCML oxygenator demonstrates its ability to safely and efficiently oxygenate a wide range of adult patients while keeping priming volume to a minimum

Web-Based Spatial Decision Support System and Watershed Management with a Case Study

In order to maintain a proper balance between development pressure and water resources protection, and also to improve public participation, efficient tools and techniques for soil and water conservation projects are needed. This paper describes the development and application of a web-based watershed management spatial decision support system, WebWMPI. The WebWMPI uses the Watershed Management Priority Indices (WMPI) approach which is a prioritizing method for watershed management planning and it integrates land use/cover, hydrological data, soils, slope, roads, and other spatial data. The land is divided into three categories: Conservation Priority Index (CPI) land, Restoration Priority Index (RPI) land, and Stormwater Management Priority Index (SMPI) land. Within each category, spatial factors are rated based on their influence on water resources and critical areas can be identified for soil conservation, water quality protection and improvement. The WebWMPI has user-friendly client side graphical interfaces which enable the public to interactively run the server side Geographic Information System to evaluate different scenarios for watershed planning and management. The system was applied for Dry Run Creek watershed (Cedar Falls, Iowa, US) as a demonstration and it can be easily used in other watersheds to prioritize crucial areas and to increase public participation for soil and water conservation projects