A Posteriori Error Estimates for Nonconforming Approximations of Evolutionary Convection-Diffusion Problems

We derive computable upper bounds for the difference between an exact solution of the evolutionary convection-diffusion problem and an approximation of this solution. The estimates are obtained by certain transformations of the integral identity that defines the generalized solution. These estimates depend on neither special properties of the exact solution nor its approximation, and involve only global constants coming from embedding inequalities. The estimates are first derived for functions in the corresponding energy space, and then possible extensions to classes of piecewise continuous approximations are discussed.Comment: 10 page

Development of ANFIS Control System for Seismic Response Reduction using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and Genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed in this study to reduce dynamic responses of a seismically excited building. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was used to optimize the ANFIS+GA controller. Two MR dampers were used as multiple control devices and a scaled five-story building model was selected as an example structure. A fuzzy control algorithm was compared with the proposed ANFIS and ANFIS+GA controller. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and Ganetic algorithm with several outputs was proposed. In case study, after numerical simulation, it has been verified that the ANFIS control algorithm can present better control performance compared to the fuzzy control algorithm in reducing both displacement and acceleration responses

Bio-efficacy of tank mixed herbicides for control of complex weed flora in soybean (Glycine max L. Merril)

A field experiment was conducted at ZARS, Jhabua (M.P.) during kharif 2014 to find out most suitable and efficient method of weed control in soybean. The experiment consisted of nine treatments laid out in randomized block design with three replications. All the weed management practices led to significant reduction in density and dry matter of weeds as compared to weedy check. Two hand weeding (20 & 40 DAS) recorded lowest weed density (4.9/ m2), weed dry matter (22.35 g/m2) with highest weed control efficiency of 59.67% and found at par with the application of Chlorimuron Ethyl @ 9gm /ha + Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g /ha (density 5.48/ m2, dry matter 26.62 g/m2 and WCE of 51.97%) and Imazethapyr @ 35 g /ha + Imazamox @ 35 g/ha (density 6.13/ m2, dry matter 26.00 g/m2 and WCE of 53.08%). Maximum yield of 1782 kg/ha was recorded in two hand weeding (20 & 40 DAS) closely followed by Chlorimuron Ethyl @ 9gm /ha + Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g /ha (1723 kg/ha) and Imazethapyr @ 35 g / ha + Imazamox @ 35 g/ha (1697 kg/ha). Reduction in soybean yield in weedy check to be recorded is 38.78 per cent when compared to weed free and 36.68 per cent in comparison to Chlorimuron Ethyl @ 9gm /ha + Quizalofopp-ethyl @ 50 g /ha. However, highest Benefit to Cost ratio is recorded in Chlorimuron Ethyl +Quizalofop-p-ethyl (3.26) closely followed by Imazethapyr + Imazamox (3.22) and Weed free (3.21)

Higher yields and profits from new crop rotations permitting integration of mediculture with agriculture in the Indo-Gangetic plains

The results of a survey conducted in 100 villages of 7 districts located in Uttar Pradesh in the central Indo-Gangetic plains on the land cropping pattern and profits to the farmers per unit land and area are presented. It is shown that sugarcane is cultivated in about 19.5% of the land. Rice remains the principal kharif crop in the area, occupying about 76% of land. Conventional rice-wheat/Brassica/legume, rice-potato and rice-mint rotations benefitted farmers to the extent of roughly Rs 30,000 ha−1 year−1. Introduction of new rotations based upon newly available short duration Kosi variety of mint is permitting practice of rice-wheat/Brassica/legume-mint and rice-potato-mint rotations, bringing a profit of approximately Rs 61,000 ha−1 year−1 to the farmers of the area. Future prospects of integration of short duration medicinal and aromatic crops (mediculture) between food grain crops (agriculture) like the above, for the development of agriculture, industry and employment are discussed

Character association and path analysis for yield components in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Correlation and path analys is of 11 characters of turmeric (Curcuma longa) were carried out using 22 genotypes at Raigarh (Chhattisgarh). Plant height, leaf length, thickness of primary and secondary rhizomes and number of secondary rhizomes revealed significant positive associations with rhizome yield. Path analysis showed positive direct effect of plant height, leaf length and thickness of primary and secondary rhizomes on rhizome yield. These traits may be given due e,,'phasis while making selections for improvement in rhizome yield of turmeric. &nbsp

Yield stability in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

The yield stability of eight elite accessions of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) was estimated under Chattisgarh plains condition at Raigarh (Chattisgarh). The accession JCO-387 yielded the highest, exhibiting above average response but unstable reaction (high S'di) while UD-744, DH-246 and UD-743 were promising and suitable for favourable environment. &nbsp

Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizers: Potential Solution for Sustainable Agriculture

The use of fertilizer in the agricultural field is essential for plant growth but an excess amount of pure chemical contents in fertilizers becomes harmful to every living being. To reduce this chemical exposure, the use of materials coated with Controlled Release Fertilizers (CRFs) are being used. The coating of materials outside the fertilizer does not allow the chemicals to spread completely within one application of fertilizer but its spread can be extended as will be done in 2-3 applications of fertilizer. The features of the undercoating material are thus vital to attain this delayed or slow release of the nutrients present in the fertilizer. The longevity of CRFs depends upon the width of the material coating surrounding the fertilizer, temperature, and moisture. The review focuses on the consequences of conventional fertilizers, the need to control the release of fertilizers and types of coatings used, and their application in sustainable agriculture

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PALMAROSA CULTIVATION IN INDIA

ABSTRACT Cymbopogon martinii, commonly known as palmarosa, is an essential oil-bearing crop cultivated by the farmers for production of oil used in perfumery, cosmetics and flavour industries. The study on the economics of palmarosa cultivation has shown that the major portion of operational cost was shared by human labour, distillation charges and preparation of nursery. Total variable cost was found to be 47926 per hectare per year. The gross returns were found to be 124000 per hectare e per year. The net returns over variable cost were 76074 per hectare. The benefit-cost ratio was found to be 2.59 indicating a higher profit to the farmers. The independent variables like human labour, planting material and distillation charges were positive indicating significant impact on the returns from the crop. There is need for effective market intelligence system to ensure remunerative price of the produce to the farmers