Plant Profile, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Garcinia indica: A Review

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) is defined as the recurrence of psychological and physical symptoms in the luteal phase, which remit in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of which fall in three domains: Emotional, Physical and Behavioural, eg: depression, irritability, tension, crying, abdominal cramps, fatigue, bloating, food cravings, poor concentration, social withdrawal etc. Premenstrual symptoms can be managed if diagnosed at right time with suitable pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment. Therefore it is suggested that life style modification & counselling are essential. If neglected, may even be life threatening in patients with severe symptoms can be occur. Non-pharmacologic interventions for PMS include patient education, supportive therapy, and behavioural changes. Behavioural measures include keeping a symptom diary, getting adequate rest and exercise, and making dietary changes. Dietary supplements in women with PMS should include vitamins (A, E and B6), calcium,magnesium, multivitamins/mineral supplements and evening primrose oil. Pharmacological treatment includes anti-depressants and hormonal therapy. Surgery may be considered in severely affected patients who fail to respond to other therapies and also have significant gynaecologic problems for which surgery would be appropriate

Community engagement as a tool to help deliver smart city innovation: a case study of Nottingham, United Kingdom

Cities are complex urban conurbations and facing many challenges. The majority of the world’s population now live in cities and consume 80% of the resources. 'Smart City' innovation is emerging as a major response to the challenges cities are facing. Much of the focus remains on technological interventions, but technology alone may not be sufficient to reach smart and sustainable city goals. Cities are made up of people who have influence and are therefore key stakeholders in the development of smart city innovation and cannot be ignored. This paper aims to explore community engagement in Nottingham to help deliver smart city innovation and the way Nottingham City Council is engaging local communities in its smart projects. The paper analyses the community engagement strategy of Nottingham developed as part of the EU funded smart city project, REMOURBAN (REgeneration MOdel for accelerating the smart URBAN transformation). The main drivers and barriers to effective community engagement are identified in the smart city context. This exploratory study adopted a case study strategy and qualitative research methods. The data was collected through thirteen semi-structured interviews with middle and senior managers in Nottingham City Council and other stakeholder organisations in the city and a focus group of five community leaders from three local community groups. The content analysis of the REMOURBAN documents related to citizen engagement and the council’s energy strategies and policies was carried out. The key results are discussed with recommendations to nurture effective community engagement as a smart city tool and conclusions are drawn

Palm Oil and Rice Bran Oil: Current Status and Future Prospects

The continued demand for edible oils by the ever increasing population makes it pertinent to explore new sources. In this direction, two new edible oils namely palm oil and rice bran oil have been subjected to nutritional and toxicological evaluations of their chemicals constituents. An attempt has been made in this article to assess the acceptability of the two oils based on the various investigations that have been carried out so far

One-transit paths and steady-state of a non-equilibrium process in a discrete-time update

We have shown that the partition function of the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process with open boundaries in a sublattice-parallel updating scheme is equal to that of a two-dimensional one-transit walk model defined on a diagonally rotated square lattice. It has been also shown that the physical quantities defined in these systems are related through a similarity transformation.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Prevalence of chronic pain in the UK : a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies

Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the input of Professor Blair Smith (University of Dundee): his counsel early in the project, and his advice and comments regarding the search strategy; and Professor Danielle van der Windt (Keele University) for helpful advice and comments. Funding The British Pain Society provided financial assistance to AF with the costs of this project. PC was partly supported by an Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre grant (reference: 18139).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

An overview of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel

As hydrogen fuel cell vehicles move from manifestation to commercialization, the users expec t safe, convenient and customer-friendly fuelling. Hydrogen quality affects fuel cell stack performance and life time, as well as other factors such as valve operation. In this paper, previous researcher’s development on hydrogen as a possible major fuel of the future has been studied thoroughly .Hydrogen is one of the energy carriers which can replace fossil fuel and can be used as fuel in an internal combustion engines and as a fuel cell in vehicles. To use hydrogen as a fuel of internal combustion engine, engine design should be considered for avoiding abnormal combustion. As a result it can improve engine efficiency, power output and reduce NOx emissions. The emission of fuel cell is low as compared to conventional vehicles but as penalty, fuel cell vehicles need additional space and weight to install the battery and storage tank, thus increases it production cost. The production of hydrogen can be ‘carbon-free’ only if it is generated by employing genuinely carbon-free renewable energy sources. The acceptability of hydrogen technology depends on the knowledge and awareness of the hydrogen benefits towards environment and human life. Recent study shows that people still do not have the sufficient information of hydrogen

Prevalence of Dystocia in Sheep and Goats: A Study of 70 Cases (2004-2011)

A total of seventy (70) sheep and goats, suffering from dystocia were included in this retrospective study. At the time of presentation 28.57% of the animals were recumbent. More than half (54.29%) of the total cases were referred after unsuccessful handling. Significantly highest prevalence was recorded in sheep during first lambing, in winter season and in the dams carrying male fetuses (p ≤ 0.05). The average weight of male and female fetuses was 3.14 and 2.75 kg respectively. Foetal dystocia (54.29%) out-numbered maternal causes (37.14%). Both maternal and fetal causes accounted for 8.57% of the dystocia. Head deviation, fore limb flexion, breech presentation, dog sitting position and fetal monstrosities were the common fetal causes. Ring womb, the most common maternal cause of dystocia could be treated by hormones in 33.33% (5/15) cases. Fetuses could be delivered by obstetrical mutation and extraction method in 51.43% (36/70) animals and by caesarean section in the remaining cases. Fetal and dam survival was 23.08% and 94.29% respectively. The average total cost for relieving dystocia in small ruminants by obstetrical mutation and by caesarean (including cost of suture and anaesthesia) was Rs. 215.00 and 570.00 respectively. From this study, it is concluded that in order to obtain high fetal and dam survival and also to reduce the cost of treatment, sheep and goats with dystocia should be presented without undue delay

Control Plane Compression

We develop an algorithm capable of compressing large networks into a smaller ones with similar control plane behavior: For every stable routing solution in the large, original network, there exists a corresponding solution in the compressed network, and vice versa. Our compression algorithm preserves a wide variety of network properties including reachability, loop freedom, and path length. Consequently, operators may speed up network analysis, based on simulation, emulation, or verification, by analyzing only the compressed network. Our approach is based on a new theory of control plane equivalence. We implement these ideas in a tool called Bonsai and apply it to real and synthetic networks. Bonsai can shrink real networks by over a factor of 5 and speed up analysis by several orders of magnitude.Comment: Extended version of the paper appearing in ACM SIGCOMM 201

Helminth infection in coldwater fishes of Suru river Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India

A helminthological survey of coldwater fishes of Ladakh was carried out from November 2007 to April 2009 (18 months). A total of 93 fishes belonging to two species viz., Schizothorax plagiostomus and Diptychus maculatus were collected and examined from different collection sites of Suru river, Kargil. A total of 2 helminth species viz., Neoechinorhynchus yalei Datta, 1936 and Rhabdochona himalayai Fotedar & Dhar, 1977 belonging to two helminth groups, i-e. Acanthocephala and Nematode were reported. It was found that out of 93 hosts examined, 31 were found infected with 43 parasites recovered in total, with an overall prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of 33.33%, 1.38 and 0.46 respectively. Distribution of helminth infection and its relation with sex and size of host was analysed. The helminth infection showed no significant relationship with sex of hosts however it showed mostly significant relation to size of host

Participatory rural appraisal and farmers’ perception about common bean varieties in temperate Kashmir

Present investigation was undertaken during 2012 to 2014 in which 54 genotypes, both pole and bush type of Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were selected among a number of germplasm lines, land races and research material in order to generate information on the farmer’s’ perception about the Common bean varieties. Participatory rural appraisal was conducted in 32 villages of Kashmir through a broad questionnaires comprising of questions pertaining to the socio-economic conditions, farming systems, production constraints and varietal preferences of the common bean. The Participatory Rural Appraisal results revealed that common bean is generally grown as a rainfed crop (70 %) and is intercropped with maize/ potato/vegetable and merely as sole crop (20.66 %). Low yielding varieties and diseases (68.27 %) are considered as major challenges in the success of common bean crop, while as red colour with kidney shaped types (50 %) are highly being preferred as a pulse crop. The exercise of Participatory Rural Appraisal was carried out to generate basic information by assessing the need based constraints and devise the target breeding approach, by taking into consideration all constraints and also devise future breeding programme. A successful PRA provides the information needed to specify the characteristic in a new variety regarding its physical environment and the existing varietal diversity. For a breeding program, well applied Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques or customer profiling results in better client orientation and makes possible efficient goal setting or product design. Successful PRA provides everything that could be included in the full design specification of a new crop variety