The thermodynamic properties of the wustite phase are studied

Study of the precise location of the wustite phase boundaries and the dependence of the partial pressure of oxygen on the temperature and composition of the solid phase was made. From the pressure of oxygen, the temperature and the composition thermodynamic quantities can be determined

“Not in the Atlantic Provinces”: The Abortion Debate in New Brunswick, 1980-1987

Correspondence between Premier Richard Hatfield’s Progressive Conservative government and pro-choice and pro-life activists indicates that regionalism and religion were central to the pervasiveness of pro-life ideology and the rejection of pro-choice arguments between 1980 and 1987. Despite statistical evidence that proved abortion services were inaccessible, the government received assistance from the medical community to pass anti-abortion legislation that prohibited abortion clinics and appeared to maintain the status quo. This article provides a regional perspective on the history of abortion in Canada, but it more importantly probes how religious and cultural beliefs shaped politics and society.La correspondance entre le gouvernement progressiste-conservateur du premier ministre Richard Hatfield et des militants pro-choix et pro-vie indique que le régionalisme et la religion étaient au cœur de l’idéologie pro-vie omniprésente et du rejet du mouvement pro-choix entre 1980 et 1987. Malgré des données statistiques prouvant que les services d’avortement n’étaient pas accessibles, le gouvernement a reçu l’aide de la communauté médicale pour adopter une loi contre l’avortement, qui interdisait les cliniques d’avortement et semblait maintenir le statu quo. Cet article offre une perspective régionale sur l’histoire de l’avortement au Canada mais, ce qui est plus important, il examine comment les croyances religieuses et culturelles ont façonné la politique et la société

"Economics in Context: The Need for a New Textbook"

economics education, textbooks, economic theory

Restorative Justice in Cases of Sexual Harm

Restorative justice for cases of sexual harm offers a trauma-informed and evidence-based approach to healing and prevention that current criminal legal options do not. The literature is clear that current sex crimes policies and practices have been ineffective at reducing rates of sexual violence. Similarly, current criminal legal practices fail to hold people accountable for the sexual harms they’ve caused and do little to support survivors who come forward. Unlike the criminal legal system, restorative justice provides survivors with a safe platform within which to talk about their experience(s) of sexual harm on their terms and voice their individual needs and desires regarding true accountability. The process offers those who have caused sexual harm to take responsibility for their actions, to engage in an educative process that helps them understand the impacts of the trauma they inflicted and engages them in taking concrete actions to remain accountable to and to make authentic, sustained amends. This Article discusses the impacts of the criminal legal system on individuals who have been sexually harmed, explains underreporting, police interactions, and case attrition. Part II frames the reasons why post-conviction sex crimes policies are ineffective at reducing rates of sexual offending or addressing the needs of individual who have experienced sexual harm. Part III explains the root causes of sexually harmful behavior. Part IV sets the stage for an introduction to restorative justice. Part V expands on the authors’ individual journeys to restorative justice as sex crimes experts and rape survivors. Part VI focuses exclusively on restorative justice as a means to address sexual harm. Lastly, Part VII concludes with the hope of a restorative future

Multiangle observations of Arctic clouds from FIRE ACE: June 3, 1998, case study

In May and June 1998 the Airborne Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (AirMISR) participated in the FIRE Arctic Cloud Experiment (ACE). AirMISR is an airborne instrument for obtaining multiangle imagery similar to that of the satellite-borne MISR instrument. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the data collected on June 3, 1998. In particular, AirMISR radiance measurements are compared with measurements made by two other instruments, the Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) and the MODIS airborne simulator (MAS), as well as to plane-parallel radiative transfer simulations. It is found that the AirMISR radiance measurements and albedo estimates compare favorably both with the other instruments and with the radiative transfer simulations. In addition to radiance and albedo, the multiangle AirMISR data can be used to obtain estimates of cloud top height using stereoimaging techniques. Comparison of AirMISR retrieved cloud top height (using the complete MISR-based stereoimaging approach) shows excellent agreement with the measurements from the airborne Cloud Lidar System (CLS) and ground-based millimeterwave cloud radar