Exploring Real Estate Financing in China and the U.S.: A Comparison Case Study Approach

This thesis intends to explore the difference in how the real estate companies are financed between China and U.S, via a comparison case study of Vanke (000002 SHE) and AvalonBay Communities, Inc. (AVB NYSE). To answer that question, we have to explore in detail the financing needs of the two companies based on their operating conditions and financial dispositions. An evaluation on corporate capital efficiency is thus necessary. This thesis intends to analyze the two companies from perspectives of profitability, solvency and operating conditions. Furthermore, the analysis results are synthesized based on Financial Matrix model to explore the capital structure and financing needs of the companies. With the analysis results of the capital structure and financing needs of the companies, the thesis will explore the major external financing instruments applied in the companies, which hopefully indicates tip of the iceberg. The analysis will be developed with three basic questions: how are the instruments applied? How do the instruments help the development of the companies? What are the internal and external factors affecting the selection and usage of the instruments? Based on the analysis of financing instruments applied by the companies in our case study, this thesis intends to summarize and potentially generalize the differences

4-[(6-Chloro-2-pyrid­yl)meth­oxy]-3-(2,4-dichloro­phen­yl)-1-oxaspiro­[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one

In the title compound, C21H18Cl3NO3, the cyclo­hexane ring is in a chair conformation. The five-membered ring forms a dihedral angle of 69.89 (2)° with the benzene ring. The dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings is 14.03 (7)°

An Activity-Based Model for the Estimation of Origin-Destination Matrix on Road Networks

Travel demand forecasting in terms of origin-destination (O-D) matrix estimation on transportation networks is an important topic in transportation research. The motivation of each trip is the user’s desire of conducting a compulsory or noncompulsory activity. User activity choices should not be ignored for the trip demand forecasting; nevertheless, there are scare approaches of O-D matrix estimation incorporating users’ activity behavior in the literature. This study develops an activity-based bi-level model for the estimation of O-D matrix on road networks using the activity-based approach where road users’ activity and travel choices are integrated scheduled. In the estimation, the parameter of the user activity and travel choice model is simultaneously calibrated. A heuristic algorithm is explored to solve the model. A numerical example is provided. The example results illustrate that the developed model and heuristic algorithm are applicable and efficient tools to deal with the problem of O-D matrix estimation

Digraphs with degree equivalent induced subdigraphs

AbstractA digraph G of order n is said to have property Dk if every induced subdigraph of order n − k in G has the same degree sequence. In this paper, we characterize all digraphs with property Dk when k = 1, 2