Gestión financiera y su incidencia en la rentabilidad de la empresa Quiher Servicios Generales S.A.C, Guadalupe 2021

En los últimos años, un tema bastante critico en las empresas es la gestión financiera, la cual es considerada como una herramienta fundamental para generar rentabilidad, motivo por el cual se ha desarrollado el presente estudio, con el objetivo general de determinar la incidencia de la Gestión Financiera en la Rentabilidad de la empresa Quiher Servicios Generales S.A.C. Guadalupe 2021. Se utilizo un tipo de investigación aplicada, con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental transversal y un nivel de investigación correlacional causal, para ello se hizo uso de la técnica de análisis documental para analizar las variables en los periodos 2020 – 2021, se efectuó la recolección de informacion a través de la ficha de registro, donde se obtuvo como resultado principal que la gestión financiera incide en la rentabilidad de la empresa Quiher Servicios Generales S.A.C. Guadalupe 2021, de acuerdo a la información obtenida se identificó que la gestión financiera en la empresa de estudio no es la más adecuada, presentando deficiencia, porque no se le atribuye la debida importancia, por esta razón no se presentó una mayor repercusión en la rentabilidad

An online database for einkorn wheat to aid in gene discovery and functional genomics studies

Diploid A-genome wheat (einkorn wheat) presents a nutrition-rich option as an ancient grain crop and a resource for the improvement of bread wheat against abiotic and biotic stresses. Realizing the importance of this wheat species, reference-level assemblies of two einkorn wheat accessions were generated (wild and domesticated). This work reports an einkorn genome database that provides an interface to the cereals research community to perform comparative genomics, applied genetics and breeding research. It features queries for annotated genes, the use of a recent genome browser release, and the ability to search for sequence alignments using a modern BLAST interface. Other features include a comparison of reference einkorn assemblies with other wheat cultivars through genomic synteny visualization and an alignment visualization tool for BLAST results. Altogether, this resource will help wheat research and breeding. Database URL  https://wheat.pw.usda.gov/GG3/pangenome

Current State of Conservation Knowledge on Threatened Amphibian Species in Peru

This study documents the current state of conservation knowledge on threatened amphibian species in Peru. Following the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classification system, we considered species in the following categories: Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, and Near Threatened. Even though only the first three categories are regarded as threatened by IUCN, we included the fourth category to make comparisons with the list of threatened species issued by the Peruvian government. We used the Global Amphibian Assessment\u27s database and the list issued in Peru for this comparison. We conducted separate field surveys in 17 regions of Peru to evaluate the presence/absence of threatened amphibian species and species that are potentially threatened. We also used the Declining Amphibian Database-DAPTF, to compare our results with previous assessments on population declines, and the World Wildlife Fund\u27s Wildfinder database, to determine in which Neotropical ecoregion each species occurs. We compiled data on 83 species, 44 of which are recognized as threatened by the IUCN and/or the Peruvian government. The remaining 39 species should be re-assessed as they face various threats. A re-evaluation of current estimates is needed as only 8% of all species recorded in Peru are recognized as threatened by the government, whereas the global estimate of threatened species is about 32%. In addition to using IUCN criteria, this re-assessment should follow national guidelines standardized in Peru and be in accordance with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Because the habitat of almost 40% of threatened species reported herein still remains unprotected, and data on chytridiomycosis and other threats are lacking for most taxa, it is crucial to develop strategies for habitat conservation and research on disease dynamics in natural populations

Einkorn genomics sheds light on history of the oldest domesticated wheat

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) was the first domesticated wheat species, and was central to the birth of agriculture and the Neolithic Revolution in the Fertile Crescent around 10,000 years ago$^{1,2}$. Here we generate and analyse 5.2-Gb genome assemblies for wild and domesticated einkorn, including completely assembled centromeres. Einkorn centromeres are highly dynamic, showing evidence of ancient and recent centromere shifts caused by structural rearrangements. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of a diversity panel uncovered the population structure and evolutionary history of einkorn, revealing complex patterns of hybridizations and introgressions after the dispersal of domesticated einkorn from the Fertile Crescent. We also show that around 1% of the modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) A subgenome originates from einkorn. These resources and findings highlight the history of einkorn evolution and provide a basis to accelerate the genomics-assisted improvement of einkorn and bread wheat

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Wheat haplotype diversity by a k-mer based approach

Wheat is the second most widely cultivated crop, and it is a staple food across the globe. The hexaploid form has the largest, polyploid, complex, and highly repetitive genome. Due to this complexity and size, wheat lagged in genomic studies. With advances in NGS genomics progress substantially in daily basis for many crops, including bread wheat. We now face the challenge on how to better exploit these resources for breeding to benefit food security. The main objective of this work was to develop a method to define haplotypes and a database in wheat to explore the genetic diversity in landraces and modern cultivars and link genome information with phenotypes. We embraced the challenge of using whole genome sequencing at ~12-fold coverage of more than >1,000 WGS genomes. We developed IBSpy, a method to detect genetic variations using raw reads by k-mers. We benchmarked this method with previous genome alignments to detect regions which are identical by state (>99.99% sequence identity). We characterized parameters that impact in the results and provide further guidance to implement at specific situations. Our method detects variations at the resolution as with fully genome assemblies and condenses multiple types of sequences and types of variations into a single form. Using these variations, we defined haplotypes at 1 Mbp resolution by a multi-genome approach and built a haplotype database using the >1,000 genotypes. We tracked haplotypes from landraces into modern cultivars and found that large haplotype blocks were brought into modern cultivars from landraces and are maintained through >80 years of breeding. Using these haplotypes, we conducted a haplotype GWAS, and detected genome regions associated to disease (wheat blast and yellow rust) and spike related traits. Novel unexploited haplotypes were identified in landraces absent in modern cultivars. This method integrates pangenome informed haplotypes to capture genome regions private to each assembly and can handle large WGS data. We proved IBSpy to efficiently detect known and novel hybridisations/introgressions in the wheat pangenome and landraces at 50 Kbp resolution. We characterized a collection of Triticum monococcum, Aegilops tauschii, and large introgressions from multiple wild relatives and propose candidate genotypes to be the closest donors of those hybridisations/introgressions. Using these haplotypes, we identified novel hybridisations of Ae. tauschii in the D subgenome of wheat absents in the pangenome references. These results demonstrated the utility of our haplotype calls using an alternative approach to the conventional aliments methods. We created a flexible and wide haplotype database based on k-mers to which novel 12-fold WGS genotypes can be added and easily integrated in the context to this haplotype database

Fundamentos De Ingeniería Industrial-IN142-201502

Primer curso de especialidad en la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial de carácter teórico dirigido a los estudiantes del primer ciclo que busca desarrollar la competencia general del manejo de la información y competencia específica ABET.(d.1) Participa en equipos de trabajo multidisciplinarios y su aporte al trabajo de grupo muestra organización y delegación de responsabilidades.El objetivo de lograr la excelencia en el desempeño del ingeniero egresado de la UPC exige que el ingresante conozca desde el inicio la historia de la Ingeniería en general y de la Ingeniería Industrial en particular el rol en el desarrollo productivo del país y su campo de acción a nivel local e internacional.Asimismo el conocimiento de la misión y visión el plan de estudios y el modelo educativo de la UPC le permitirá al alumno adquirir los conocimientos habilidades y actitudes necesarios para su formación integral en el ámbito personal cultural científico tecnológico y de gestión de la innovación en un marco ético y de responsabilidad social

Fundamentos De Ingeniería Industrial-IN142-201502

Primer curso de especialidad en la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial de carácter teórico dirigido a los estudiantes del primer ciclo que busca desarrollar la competencia general del manejo de la información y competencia específica ABET.(d.1) Participa en equipos de trabajo multidisciplinarios y su aporte al trabajo de grupo muestra organización y delegación de responsabilidades.El objetivo de lograr la excelencia en el desempeño del ingeniero egresado de la UPC exige que el ingresante conozca desde el inicio la historia de la Ingeniería en general y de la Ingeniería Industrial en particular el rol en el desarrollo productivo del país y su campo de acción a nivel local e internacional.Asimismo el conocimiento de la misión y visión el plan de estudios y el modelo educativo de la UPC le permitirá al alumno adquirir los conocimientos habilidades y actitudes necesarios para su formación integral en el ámbito personal cultural científico tecnológico y de gestión de la innovación en un marco ético y de responsabilidad social