Les conflits de temporalités dans la gestion du littoral à l'épreuve de la GIZC

Integrative action process, the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) has to deal with temporality conflicts in its implementation. It results from phase shift in rhythms and calendars. During an ICZM process, simultaneous long, middle and short term stakes get crossed. Then, it reveals temporality conflicts. But ICZM has a real potential to reduce this phenomenon. The ICZM long term framing feature added to its integrative feature, including its temporal dimension, have a potential to deal with those conflicts. However, many fences reduce yet a complete achievement of this potential

Legal assessment of the Proposal for an EU Nature Restoration Law:Report by the Legal Working Group of the Society for Ecological Restoration Europe

This assessment is based on the Commission proposal for a Nature Restoration Law (hereafter referred to as NRL) from 22 June 2022.2 The Legal Working Group is aware that the proposal is currently being discussed by the Council and Parliament. It is therefore not an article-by-article assessment, but a more general assessment of several legal aspects of the law we consider to be particularly important. Our choice of the discussed aspects was based on ongoing political discussions on the law (e.g. in the EU parliament and Council). The note gives legal arguments why certain articles should remain in the law or should be amended or added to the law. Legal arguments include legal certainty for stakeholders, coherence with other EU legislation, legitimate expectations, accepted legal principles, etc. Where relevant, we include concrete suggestions for amending and improving the law proposal.<br/

L'intégration des changements climatiques dans les politiques publiques locales : Le cas du golfe du Morbihan

La manifestation des premiers effets des changements climatiques, notamment en zones côtières, presse l'adoption d'une stratégie sur le long terme, et ce à tous les niveaux de décision. Bien que des perturbations soient inévitables, le doute persiste quant à leur ampleur et leurs manifestations locales. Elles dépendront en partie de nos capacités de réaction, en particulier relativement à une limitation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Perçu il y a peu encore comme lointain et hypothétique, le phénomène se concrétise progressivement. Le questionnement croissant des collectivités locales est exacerbé par des contextes pressants : international (Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques et le Protocole de Kyoto), européen (paquet climat énergie) et national (Grenelle de l'environnement). Leur volonté d'action peut se concrétiser, en France, au moyen d'un outil spécifique, le "plan climat territorial". Toutefois, la transversalité du sujet déborde ce seul cadre d'action ; ainsi, la région Bretagne a intégré la préoccupation climatique notamment dans le projet de parc naturel régional du golfe du Morbihan mais aussi dans son "plan énergie pour la Bretagne ". Les stratégies développées dans ces textes résultent de la construction des enjeux locaux en matière climatique. Les mesures adoptées au niveau local visent principalement la limitation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, mais des mesures d'adaptation commencent à apparaître. Ces stratégies résultent d’une approche prudente, optimisant les chances de succès face à un enjeu nouveau et entouré de nombreuses incertitudes.First climate change effects, especially in the coastal zone, stress the adoption of a long term strategy at all decision levels. Even if disruptions are unavoidable, there are still doubts concerning their extent and local effects. They will partly depend on our reaction capacities, especially concerning the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Even quite recently perceived as distant and hypothetical, gradually the phenomenon is beginning to take shape. The increasing concern of local collectivities is stressed by its context: international (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol), european (climate energy package) and national (Grenelle de l'environnement). In France, their willingness of action can become concrete through a specific tool, the territorial climate plan. But, the cross-cutting feature of the subject overflows this framework. The Bretagne region strongly integrate climatic concern especially in the Morbihan gulf regional natural parc project and in its energy plan

La protection des animaux sauvages - Les aspects juridiques de la protection de la biodiversité marine

National audienc

How to improve the link between the Common Fisheries Policy and the Nature Restoration Law proposal?

This note explores how greater coherence between the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and theNature Restoration Law (NRL) proposal can be achieved. It first addresses the issue of the legalbasis. We conclude that the NRL has a mainly environmental purpose and that even thoughfisheries are mentioned, they only constitute an incidental purpose. Therefore the legal basisof the NRL is the sole article 192 TFEU. This note goes on to explore links between the CFP andthe environmental legislation. It shows that despite substantial integration of environmentalconcerns into the CFP, links between legislations remain difficult. Indeed, the principle of equalaccess to EU waters limits the ability of Member States to adopt environmental measuresrestricting fishing activity in the waters under their sovereignty or jurisdiction, hence the needfor a specific procedure to ensure coherence between these legislations. In the CFP Regulation,this is established by article 11 and based on regional cooperation. It provides for the adoptionby all interested Member States of a joint recommendation and empowers the Commission toadopt the measures through a delegated act. But the procedure remains underused. Accordingly,while the EU is in the process of adopting a new environmental legislation, the NRL, this noteexplores how this procedure can be improved to ensure greater coherence between the NRLand the CFP. It concludes that two main elements can be strengthened. An additional articlededicated to this link should be added to the NRL. The most suitable option appears to be toallow the initiating Member State to submit a recommendation even without the unanimousagreement of the other Member States having a direct management interest. In this case, theprovision has to make clear which part of the initial art. 11 CFP procedure applies and thespecific NRL elements to be included in the procedure. In addition, in order to avoid perverseeffects, the NRL could indicate that the Commission will give particular attention to mitigatingany negative effects of displacing the fishing activity to other sensitive areas. Governance issuesalso need to be addressed. Greater involvement of scientific bodies and stakeholders wouldappear to be key to avoiding deadlocks in the process. Finally, it is crucial to strike a betterbalance of the environmental obligations placed on interested Member States for discussingjoint recommendations. Explicitly introducing flag State obligations and reporting on them couldbe a useful course of actio

Le principe de précaution à l’épreuve de l’utilité publique : éclairage sur la jurisprudence française

International audienc

How to improve the link between the Common Fisheries Policy and the Nature Restoration Law proposal?

This note explores how greater coherence between the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and theNature Restoration Law (NRL) proposal can be achieved. It first addresses the issue of the legalbasis. We conclude that the NRL has a mainly environmental purpose and that even thoughfisheries are mentioned, they only constitute an incidental purpose. Therefore the legal basisof the NRL is the sole article 192 TFEU. This note goes on to explore links between the CFP andthe environmental legislation. It shows that despite substantial integration of environmentalconcerns into the CFP, links between legislations remain difficult. Indeed, the principle of equalaccess to EU waters limits the ability of Member States to adopt environmental measuresrestricting fishing activity in the waters under their sovereignty or jurisdiction, hence the needfor a specific procedure to ensure coherence between these legislations. In the CFP Regulation,this is established by article 11 and based on regional cooperation. It provides for the adoptionby all interested Member States of a joint recommendation and empowers the Commission toadopt the measures through a delegated act. But the procedure remains underused. Accordingly,while the EU is in the process of adopting a new environmental legislation, the NRL, this noteexplores how this procedure can be improved to ensure greater coherence between the NRLand the CFP. It concludes that two main elements can be strengthened. An additional articlededicated to this link should be added to the NRL. The most suitable option appears to be toallow the initiating Member State to submit a recommendation even without the unanimousagreement of the other Member States having a direct management interest. In this case, theprovision has to make clear which part of the initial art. 11 CFP procedure applies and thespecific NRL elements to be included in the procedure. In addition, in order to avoid perverseeffects, the NRL could indicate that the Commission will give particular attention to mitigatingany negative effects of displacing the fishing activity to other sensitive areas. Governance issuesalso need to be addressed. Greater involvement of scientific bodies and stakeholders wouldappear to be key to avoiding deadlocks in the process. Finally, it is crucial to strike a betterbalance of the environmental obligations placed on interested Member States for discussingjoint recommendations. Explicitly introducing flag State obligations and reporting on them couldbe a useful course of actio

L'intégration des changements climatiques dans les politiques publiques locales : Le cas du golfe du Morbihan

First climate change effects, especially in the coastal zone, stress the adoption of a long term strategy at all decision levels. Even if disruptions are unavoidable, there are still doubts concerning their extent and local effects. They will partly depend on our reaction capacities, especially concerning the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Even quite recently perceived as distant and hypothetical, gradually the phenomenon is beginning to take shape. The increasing concern of local collectivities is stressed by its context: international (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol), european (climate energy package) and national (Grenelle de l'environnement). In France, their willingness of action can become concrete through a specific tool, the territorial climate plan. But, the cross-cutting feature of the subject overflows this framework. The Bretagne region strongly integrate climatic concern especially in the Morbihan gulf regional natural parc project and in its energy plan

Planification de l’espace maritime et approche écosystémique en contexte transfrontalier : illustration franco-belge

Theoretically, ecosystem approach implies a transboundary coordination of marine and coastal zones. However, Maritime Spatial Planning, which has been drawn as a way to operationnalize it, remains mainly implemented at national level and without real coordination. The french-belgian case shows it. But, European Law could lead to an evolvement. It is one of the objectives of the Directive proposal to establish a framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management