Analyzing the formation of normal and abnormal O waves in thoracic impedance graph using the impedance change components for aorta, blood vessels in lung and ventricles

Background: Many measurements of thoracic impedance graph show that the small C wave and big O wave appear often for patients with cardiac insufficiency, and the O/C ratio is bigger. And for the normal body, especially a younger one, the bigger O wave may also appear. But since the amplitude of the C wave of a normal body is bigger, the O/C ratio is smaller. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the formation mechanism of the normal and abnormal O waves in thoracic impedance graph. Methods and Results: The thoracic mixed impedance changes are measured with 6 leads consisting of 15 electrodes. The impedance change components for the aorta (AO), blood vessel in left lung (PL), blood vessel in right lung (PR), left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) are separated from thoracic mixed impedance changes by means of establishing and solving the thoracic impedance equations. The amplitudes of the O and C waves of various impedance change components are measured for 50 normal healthy adults and 34 patients with cardiac insufficiency. The formation mechanism of normal and abnormal O waves in thoracic impedance graph is analyzed using the superposition of the O waves of the above impedance change components. Detection subjects are 50 healthy adults and 34 hospital patients with cardiac insufficiency. (1) Thoracic impedance graph: The O/C ratios of the normal group are significantly smaller than that of the abnormal group, p < 0.001. The O wave of first lead (E1-E1’) is significantly bigger than that of leads 4 and 5 (E4-E4’ and E5-E5’) in the normal group, p < 0.001. (2) The impedance change component: The O waves of the AO, PL, and PR are significantly smaller than that of the LV and RV in the normal group, p < 0.001. The O wave and O/C of the AO, PL and PR of normal group are significantly smaller than that of the abnormal group, p < 0.001. Conclusions: The O wave of the thoracic impedance graph is formed due to the superposition of the O waves of the impedance change components for the aorta, blood vessels in lung and ventricles

Gold-Sensitized Silicon/ZnO Core/Shell Nanowire Array for Solar Water Splitting

Solar water splitting represents one of the most promising strategies in the quest for clean and renewable energy. However, low conversion efficiency, use of sacrificial agents, and external bias for current water splitting system limit its practical application. Here, a gold-sensitized Si/ZnOcore/shell nanowire photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell is reported for efficient solar water oxidation. We demonstrated gold-sensitized n-Si/n-ZnO nanowire arrays exhibited higher energy conversion efficiency than gold-sensitized p-Si/n-ZnO nanowire arrays due to the favorable energy-band alignment characteristics. Without any assistance from an external electrical source and sacrificial reagents, gold-sensitized n-Si/n-ZnO core/shell nanowire array photoanode achieved unbiased water splitting under simulated solar light illumination. This method opens a promising venue to cost-efficient production of solar fuels

Heat Shock Protein 70 Protects the Heart from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Inhibition of p38 MAPK Signaling.

BackgroundHeat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has been shown to exert cardioprotection. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) overload induced by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation contributes to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, whether Hsp70 interacts with p38 MAPK signaling is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the regulation of p38 MAPK by Hsp70 in I/R-induced cardiac injury.MethodsNeonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 6 h followed by 2 h reoxygenation (OGD/R), and rats underwent left anterior artery ligation for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), Hsp70 inhibitor (Quercetin), and Hsp70 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were used prior to OGD/R or I/R. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), [Ca2+]i levels, cell apoptosis, myocardial infarct size, mRNA level of IL-1β and IL-6, and protein expression of Hsp70, phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (p-STAT3), and cleaved caspase3 were assessed.ResultsPretreatment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, significantly attenuated OGD/R-induced cell injury or I/R-induced myocardial injury, as evidenced by improved cell viability and lower LDH release, resulted in lower serum cTnI and myocardial infarct size, alleviation of [Ca2+]i overload and cell apoptosis, inhibition of IL-1β and IL-6, and modulation of protein expressions of p-p38 MAPK, SERCA2, p-STAT3, and cleaved-caspase3. Knockdown of Hsp70 by shRNA exacerbated OGD/R-induced cell injury, which was effectively abolished by SB203580. Moreover, inhibition of Hsp70 by quercetin enhanced I/R-induced myocardial injury, while SB203580 pretreatment reversed the harmful effects caused by quercetin.ConclusionsInhibition of Hsp70 aggravates [Ca2+]i overload, inflammation, and apoptosis through regulating p38 MAPK signaling during cardiac I/R injury, which may help provide novel insight into cardioprotective strategies

The Holistic Effects of Acupuncture Treatment

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a complex medical science which reflects philosophical principles and embodies large dialectical thought, is used to place the human body into a large system for observation. Acupuncture as a vital part of TCM, has been practiced to treat various diseases and symptoms. However, acupuncture is also facing severe challenges resulted from insufficient modern scientific research. Nowadays, the holistic effects of acupuncture can be researched by some modern approaches, such as the systems biology and fMRI technique. It is believed that having a better understand will greatly promote acupuncture research and be beneficial to scientization and modernization of acupuncture

Quantitative analysis of water vapor budget of a persistent rainstrom event in Tongren of Guizhou Province

This paper focus on revealing the features of the water vapor transport, water vapor budget and the contribution percentage of water vapor source regions of the persistent rainstorm in Tongren from July 13th to 16th, 2014 based on precipitation observation data, ERA5 and NCEP GDAS (National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Global Data Assimilation System) reanalysis data and the HYSPLIT4 (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model) mode. The results show that: (1) the eastward South Asian High and coupling mechanism of high and low level jets enhanced the dynamic mechanism of convergence at low level and divergence at high level which is conducive to the convergence of water vapor in the target region to condense and then form precipitation. (2) The water vapor over the ocean was continuously transported to the rainstorm area by the water vapor channel built by the synergistic effect of the subtropical high which table controlled the south of Guizhou province, shortwave trough lay the northwest side of subtropical high, and tropical cyclone in the Indian Peninsula at 500 hPa. (3) The air particles in the rainstorm area mainly came from the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea at a lower height, while a few particles came from the north of Tongren to Eurasia, the Atlantic Ocean at a higher height by 120 h backward trajectory simulation. (4) The contribution percentage of water vapor source regions of the south of Tongren-South China Sea and its nearby islands and water, the east of the Indian Peninsula-the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea-the west of the Indian Peninsula were 48.29%, 32.17 % and 10.47% respectively. In addition, the water vapor the north of Tongren to Eurasia and the Atlantic Ocean also contributed to the rainstorm in Tongren (9.07%). (5) 850 hPa and 700 hPa were the main water vapor contribution levels which provided nearly 3/4 of water vapor to the rainstorm area, the remaining quarter was transported by 500 hPa

Gemcitabine enhances cell invasion via activating HAb18G/CD147-EGFR-pSTAT3 signaling

Pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal cancers, has very poor 5-year survival partly due to gemcitabine resistance. Recently, it was reported that chemotherapeutic agents may act as stressors to induce adaptive responses and to promote chemoresistance in cancer cells. During long-term drug treatment, the minority of cancer cells survive and acquire an epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype with increased chemo-resistance and metastasis. However, the short-term response of most cancer cells remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the short-term response of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine stress and to explore the corresponding mechanism. Our results showed that gemcitabine treatment for 24 hours enhanced pancreatic cancer cell invasion. In gemcitabine-treated cells, HAb18G/CD147 was up-regulated; and HAb18G/CD147 down-regulation or inhibition attenuated gemcitabine-enhanced invasion. Mechanistically, HAb18G/CD147 promoted gemcitabine-enhanced invasion by activating the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling pathway. Inhibition of EGFR-STAT3 signaling counteracted gemcitabine-enhanced invasion, and which relied on HAb18G/CD147 levels. In pancreatic cancer tissues, EGFR was highly expressed and positively correlated with HAb18G/CD147. These data indicate that pancreatic cancer cells enhance cell invasion via activating HAb18G/CD147-EGFR-pSTAT3 signaling. Our findings suggest that inhibiting HAb18G/CD147 is a potential strategy for overcoming drug stress-associated resistance in pancreatic cancer

Superconductivity Induced by Site-Selective Arsenic Doping in Mo5_5Si3_3

Arsenic doping in silicides has been much less studied compared with phosphorus. In this study, superconductivity is successfully induced by As doping in Mo$_5$Si$_3$. The superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) reaches 7.7 K, which is higher than those in previously known W$_5$Si$_3$-type superconductors. Mo$_5$Si$_2$As is a type-II BCS superconductor with upper and lower critical fields of 6.65 T and 22.4 mT, respectively. In addition, As atoms are found to selectively take the 8$h$ sites in Mo$_5$Si$_2$As. The emergence of superconductivity is possibly due to the shift of Fermi level as a consequence of As doping, as revealed by the specific heat measurements and first-principles calculations. Our work provides not only another example of As doping, but also a practical strategy to achieve superconductivity in silicides through Fermi level engineering.Comment: Supporting Information available at the corresponding DO

Pyrite textures and compositions in Jiangshan gold deposit, Bengbu Uplift, southeastern North China Craton: Implications for ore genesis

Many Phanerozoic gold deposits in East China, e.g., those in the Jiaodong Peninsula, hosted either in granitoids of the same age or Precambrian basement rocks of the North China Craton, have been well documented. The Bengbu Uplift along the southeastern margin of the North China Craton is believed to be the western extension of the Jiaodong gold province, separated by the large-scale sinistral Tan-Lu Fault Zone. However, no deposits with more than 10 t gold resources have been discovered in the Bengbu Uplift, and it is unclear whether the timing and genesis of gold deposits in the Bengbu Uplift are similar to those in the Jiaodong gold province. In this study, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry trace element analyses, mapping, and in situ sulfur isotope analyses were used to determine the source and process of gold mineralization in Jiangshan gold deposit, the largest in the region. The wall rocks in the Jiangshan gold deposit are metamorphic rocks of the Neo-Archaean Wuhe Group, and the ore bodies are controlled by the eastern part of the Guangou–Xiajijia Fault. Four stages were identified from cross-cutting relationships and textural and mineralogical characteristics: pre-ore stage (stage I), quartz–pyrite–muscovite alteration (stage II), pyrite–quartz veins (stage III), and quartz–pyrite veinlets (stage IV). Each of the four stages is characterized by a different type of pyrite, here named Py1, Py2, Py3 and Py4. Py1 formes the core of Py2, has elliptical and irregular shapes, contains low gold and arsenic concentrations, and has δ34S values of 0.86–2.86‰. Py2 is hosted in quartz–- pyrite–muscovite-altered rocks with disseminated and aggregated euhedral to subhedral textures. It has elevated arsenic content and the lowest gold content, with some rhythmic zones and fractures. Stage II was crosscut by stage III. Py3 has anhedral textures with brittle deformation and occupies fractures in stage III pyrite–quartz veins. The gold content of Py3 is slightly higher than that of Py1 and Py2, but its arsenic content is extremely low. Py4 in the quartz–pyrite veinlets has cataclastic textures with the highest gold and chalcophile element contents. Native gold and electrum also formed in stage IV, which is the main gold stage in the Jiangshan deposit. The δ34S values of Py2–Py4 are broadly similar (5.79–7.98‰), suggesting a common sulfur source. Based on previous studies and higher δ34S values of hydrothermal pyrite, the fluid sulfur isotopes are interpreted to relate to degassing of the mantle wedge metasomatized by slab fluids during the westward subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the North China Craton during the early Cretaceous. Based on the geological characteristics of the deposit, we classify the Jiangshan gold deposit as a Jiaodong fracture-disseminated-type gold deposit which occurs as disseminated veinlets and disseminated mineralization in wallrocks along fracture zones. Tectonic events may be the most important factor in gold mineralization in fracture-disseminated type gold deposits.This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (grant No. 2016YFC0600206), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41672081), and the Public Welfare Project of Anhui Province (grant No. 2016-g-3-35)

Reduction in interhemispheric functional connectivity in the dorsal visual pathway in unilateral acute open globe injury patients: a resting-state fMRI study

This study investigated the changes in interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) of the whole brain in open globe injury (OGI) patients, using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC), and their relationships with clinical features. Totally, 16 male and 2 female acute OGI patients and 18 sex, age, and education-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. All subjects were scanned through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses had been used to identify the VMHC in these brain areas could be used as biomarkers to distinguish OGI and from healthy control (HC). The mean VMHC values in multiple brain areas and clinical OGI manifestations were evaluated with a Pearson correlation analysis. OGI patients had significantly decreased VMHC in the bilateral calcarine/lingual/cuneus (BA18, 19, 30) and middle occipital gyrus (BA18, 19). The OGI patients had abnormal interhemispheric FC in the dorsal visual pathway, which may represent the pathophysiological mechanism that underlies acute vision loss after OGI