3,224 research outputs found
Causal Intervention-based Prompt Debiasing for Event Argument Extraction
Prompt-based methods have become increasingly popular among information
extraction tasks, especially in low-data scenarios. By formatting a finetune
task into a pre-training objective, prompt-based methods resolve the data
scarce problem effectively. However, seldom do previous research investigate
the discrepancy among different prompt formulating strategies. In this work, we
compare two kinds of prompts, name-based prompt and ontology-base prompt, and
reveal how ontology-base prompt methods exceed its counterpart in zero-shot
event argument extraction (EAE) . Furthermore, we analyse the potential risk in
ontology-base prompts via a causal view and propose a debias method by causal
intervention. Experiments on two benchmarks demonstrate that modified by our
debias method, the baseline model becomes both more effective and robust, with
significant improvement in the resistance to adversarial attacks
A Direct Approach to Simultaneous Tests of Superiority and Noninferiority with Multiple Endpoints
Simultaneous tests of superiority and non-inferiority hypotheses on multiple
endpoints are often performed in clinical trials to demonstrate that a new
treatment is superior over a control on at least one endpoint and non-inferior
on the remaining endpoints. Existing methods tackle this problem by testing the
superiority and non-inferiority hypotheses separately and control the Type I
error rate each at level. In this paper we propose a unified approach
to testing the superiority and non-inferiority hypotheses simultaneously. The
proposed approach is based on the UI-IU test and the least favorable
configurations of the combined superiority and non-inferiority hypotheses,
which leads to the solution of an adjusted significance level for
marginal tests that controls the overall Type I error rate at pre-defined
. Simulations show that the proposed approach maintains a higher power
than existing methods in the settings under investigation. Since the adjusted
significance level is obtained by controlling the Type I error rate
at , one can easily construct the exact simultaneous
confidence intervals for treatment effects on all endpoints. The proposed
approach is illustrated with two real examples
Controlling soliton interactions in Bose-Einstein condensates by synchronizing the Feshbach resonance and harmonic trap
We present how to control interactions between solitons, either bright or
dark, in Bose-Einstein condensates by synchronizing Feshbach resonance and
harmonic trap. Our results show that as long as the scattering length is to be
modulated in time via a changing magnetic field near the Feshbach resonance,
and the harmonic trapping frequencies are also modulated in time, exact
solutions of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation can be
found in a general closed form, and interactions between two solitons are
modulated in detail in currently experimental conditions. We also propose
experimental protocols to observe the phenomena such as fusion, fission, warp,
oscillation, elastic collision in future experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Post-thrombolysis hemorrhage in a patient with hypothyroidism and acute ischemic stroke: Case report
Thrombolytic treatment with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, its effectiveness and risks in patients with hypothyroidism have not been reported. Here, we report the case of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous rtPA thrombolysis treatment in a patient with acute ischemic stroke and hypothyroidism. An apparent edema formed around the hematoma and progressively worsened. He also developed lung infection, electrolyte imbalance, and abnormal liver and kidney functions, and eventually died within 1 month of symptom onset. Thus, our observations suggest that caution should be exercised for the administration of intravenous rtPA thrombolysis to patients with hypothyroidism
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