Llombardia: de l’emigració cap a Europa a l’allau d’immigrants extracomunitaris

Al llarg dels últims anys no només s’ha produït un augment de la població immigrant sinó, sobretot, un canvi radical en les seves característiques i procedència. Si a mitjan anys setanta nou de cada deu estrangers procedien de l’Europa comunitària o d’Amèrica del Nord, actualment només un de cada deu és comunitari o nord-americà, mentre que quatre són europeus extracomunitaris, dos són africans, dos són asiàtics i un és de l’Amèrica llatina. També cal tenir en compte que gairebé el 50% dels immigrants professen religions diferents de la cristiana i que una tercera part són musulmans

The Macerata Shooting: Digital Movements of Opinion in the Hybrid Media System

The role of Twitter in the organisation of political action – either by supporting existing street-level protests or native digital mobilizations – has attracted a great deal of attention. However, the wider media, political, and cultural context in which mobilizations take place is often overlooked. In this article, we analyse the trajectory of a digital movement of opinion that reacted to the shooting of black people by a right-wing militant in the Italian town of Macerata in 2018. Using a dataset of 571,996 tweets captured over 31 days, and employing a mix of machine learning, network analysis and qualitative investigation, we study how factors both external and internal to the platform sealed the fate of that movement. We maintain that the permeability of Twitter to outer divided arenas and its re-intermediation by political leaders are key to the transformation of protest movements into polarised crowds

The Macerata Shooting: Digital Movements of Opinion in the Hybrid Media System

The role of Twitter in the organisation of political action – either by supporting existing street-level protests or native digital mobilizations – has attracted a great deal of attention. However, the wider media, political, and cultural context in which mobilizations take place is often overlooked. In this article, we analyse the trajectory of a digital movement of opinion that reacted to the shooting of black people by a right-wing militant in the Italian town of Macerata in 2018. Using a dataset of 571,996 tweets captured over 31 days, and employing a mix of machine learning, network analysis and qualitative investigation, we study how factors both external and internal to the platform sealed the fate of that movement. We maintain that the permeability of Twitter to outer divided arenas and its re-intermediation by political leaders are key to the transformation of protest movements into polarised crowds

The Lived Experiences of Migration: An Introduction

This editorial presents a general overview of the thematic issue “The Lived Experiences of Migration: Individual Strategies, Institutional Settings and Destination Effects in the European Mobility Process,” based on the rich qualitative data produced in the Growth, Equal Opportunities, Migration and Markets (GEMM) project. The qualitative component of the project focused on the ‘lived’ experiences of migration. The main contribution of the articles in this issue is to demonstrate the multiplicity of actors and structures involved in the migration process, and to recognize the important role that space plays in the life-trajectories of people on the move. Perceiving the migration process as a learning experience allows for a deeper look into the complex renegotiation of cultural and political boundaries that migrants experience in the destination

Post‐Migration Stress: Racial Microaggressions and Everyday Discrimination

In 1991, Philomena Essed highlighted the importance of studying contemporary racism, focusing on the interplay between the macro‐social dimension and its constant reactivation in everyday interactions. Later, psychologists redefined the pervasive experience of racism in everyday encounters in terms of racial microaggressions. Migrants and asylum seekers today constitute “ideal” candidates for this kind of experience. This is due to the persistent historical processes that harken back to Western colonialism and imperialism, as well as the growing hostility towards people migrating from the Global South. This hostility has been brewing for several decades in Western countries, and it manifests in both everyday informal interactions and institutional contexts, where migrants and asylum seekers constantly face racist attitudes

“I’m Told I Don’t Look Like a Foreigner”: Everyday Racism in Contemporary Italy

In our article, we aim to explore the experience of everyday racism of young people with migrant parents in Italy. Drawing on the analysis of 20 interviews, we seek to reconstruct the overall dynamics of racial microaggressions, highlighting how the context in which microaggressions occur and the interplay between ethnic background, gender, and somatic features influences the interpretations and reactions of the victims. We highlight the boundary work and identity negotiation process carried out in everyday encounters. We also show that participants’ experience oscillates between the claim of not-taken‐for‐granted citizenship, the feeling of being confined within ethno‐cultural imaginaries, and the experience of overt manifestations of racism. Finally, we highlight both the process by which victims come to recognise racial microaggressions and the obstacles they face in coping with them

Governing through security? Institutional discourse, practices, and policies in the metropolitan city of Milan

In our paper, we aim at pointing out the way the most relevant institutional actors currently define the security agenda for the Milanese metropolitan area, which kind of goals they try to pursue, upon which instruments and resources they can rely, which division of labour and forms of cooperation they try to putting into practices. We draw from an analyses of both official documents by the main public institutions involved in the governance of security in Milan and semi-structured interviews to all the members of the Comitato provinciale per l’ordine pubblico e la sicurezza – a board that gather the president of the province, the mayor of the province capital (plus mayors of other cities and towns of the province who can be involved on an ad hoc basis), the representative of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Prefetto), the District Attorney and the chiefs of all the national police forces – as well as to politicians, civil servants and commissioners of the local police of the city of Milan. We illustrate how discourses and practices of in/security have contributed to the construction of the city as place exposed to a multiplicity of risks that local authorities and police forces are expected to manage. Furthermore, we highlight how the diffusion and legitimization of an ‘ideology of safety’ has turned the demand to live in safe communities into an attempt to legitimize exclusionary practices insofar as discourses on security were strictly interconnected with discourses on cultural identity and, focusing on both the (imagined) community repertoire and the us/them opposition, ended up legitimizing a racialized urban governance of inclusion and exclusion. Finally, we try to show that a recent attempt, by the new centre-left government, to modify such an approach is generating ambiguous and controversial results and is paradoxically promoting an even stronger securitization of urban policies, spaces and life through more democratically oriented governmental practices

La comunidad como comunicación: una etnografía de la inmigración en Milán

El concepto de Comunidad a menudo ha sido utilizado de forma impresionista como instrumento para tapar la falta de teorización de conceptos analíticos. Como resultado, su operativización en la investigación social empírica ha dado lugar a descripciones reificadas como ocurre frecuentemente en el caso de los estudios sobre etnicidad y migraciones internacionales. Apoyándose en desarrollos recientes en la teoría de sistemas, cibernética de segundo orden y teoría organizacional se propone una conceptualización alternativa que junta nociones de espacio, tiempo y la idea de memoria como mecanismos de integración/exclusión. Entender la Comunidad en términos de comunicación permite no solamente explotar a fondo, tanto el enfoque etnográfico como el análisis de redes, sino también desarrollar instrumentos más útiles para la elaboración de políticas. Con este enfoque, el concepto ha sido utilizado en un estudio etnográfico de las migraciones en Milán (Italia) y sus resultados han sido evaluados

Ce que tous les parents disent ? (approche compréhensive de l'encadrement parental des pratiques urbaines des enfants en contexte de mixité sociale (Paris-Milan))

Le titre de la thèse renvoie aux deux enjeux principaux qu elle se propose de traiter. Il s agit tout d abord d approcher empiriquement le processus de socialisation urbaine, peu étudié en tant que tel, en l abordant par le prisme de l encadrement parental des pratiques urbaines des enfants. L étude de ce rôle régulateur des parents permet notamment d approcher la transmission plus ou moins consciente de compétences d interaction et de mobilité, mais aussi de normes de jugement et de comportement. Le second enjeu de la thèse est la mise en lumière de la différenciation sociale et spatiale de ce processus, qui conduit à interroger par le biais de pratiques urbaines ordinaires la (re)production d inégalités entre enfants ainsi que le rapport de leurs parents à l altérité sociale, dans une perspective complémentaire des travaux disponibles sur la ségrégation résidentielle et scolaire. La première partie de la thèse en précise le cadre théorique et les choix méthodologiques opérés, en particulier l enquête par entretiens (n=78) auprès de parents d enfants âgés de 8 à 14 ans, la perspective comparée Paris-Milan et le choix de contextes de mixité sociale. La deuxième partie propose une approche compréhensive des mécanismes de la prise d autonomie urbaine à partir d une analyse de ses étapes ainsi que des évolutions perçues par les parents au regard de leur propre expérience enfantine. Enfin, la troisième partie s attache à informer la différenciation de l encadrement parental, interrogeant en particulier le rôle tenu dans celle-ci par les propriétés sociales des familles, le sexe des enfants et le contexte national et local.This work considers the parental supervision of children s daily urban practices as an original research object for the study of socialization processes in contemporary metropolises. The study of the regulatory role of parents aims to understand how interactional and mobility skills are transmitted, and how social and gendered inequalities arise through this process in urban childhoods. Complementing previous works on urban segregation and school choice, this research compares two socially mixed areas located in Milan (Italy) and Paris (France). The data includes 78 interviews carried out with 88 parents of children aged from 8 to 14 and ethnographic fieldwork. Theoretical and methodological issues are tackled in the first part of the work. The second part focuses on the different mechanisms and stages of the urban socialization process, in both a synchronic and diachronic perspective. The third part highlights the social, sexual and local differentiation of the way children s urban practices are supervised and suggests the effects on children of these contrasts.PARIS-Fondation Sci.Politiques (751072303) / SudocSudocFranceF