Hubungan Curah Hujan dan Titik Panas (Hotspot) Kebakaran di Hutan Lindung Gambut (HLG) Londerang, Provinsi Jambi

Jambi is one of the provinces that has high risk of forest fires in Indonesia.HLG Londerang is one of the protected peatland forests in Jambi that burned greatly in 2015. Precipitation become one of the climate factor that is affecting fires risk. This research is aimed to analyse the correlation between precipitation pattern peatland fires in HLG Londerang on 2013-2016. This research used hotspot data, precipitation, SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index), SOI (Southern Oscillation Index), and SSTA (Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies). Simple correlation test is used to acsess the relation between each parameters. This research showed that SPI-1 values could represent precipitation. In 2015, a great number of hotspot may relate to the El Nino event indicated by high positive value of SSTA and low SOI. There is a negative and weak correlation between precipitation and hotspot. Rainfall and SPI-1 has a positive and strong correlation. Combination of precipitation, SOI and SSTA is showing highest correlation with hotspot than other parameters. Keywords: fire, hotspot, precipitation, SOI, SPI, SST

Pengaruh Kelembapan, Suhu Udara dan Curah Hujan terhadap Kejadian Kebakaran Gambut di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi

Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, Jambi has a serious problem with peatlands fires. The effects of humidity, air temperature and rainfall are often associated with climatic influences that provide ideal conditions for fire to occur. The results of the study clearly showed that air humidity, air temperature, and rainfall contributed to the number of hotspot. Humidity was the variable with highest correlation of -0,569. The decrease of humidity that followed by a decrease in rainfall and an increase in air temperature from June to September 2019 led to the highest hotspot in September 2019, which resulted to an increase of forest fire occurrences in Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi. Keywords: fire, peatlands, temperature, rainfall, humidit

Curah Hujan, Anomali Sea Surface Temperature (SST) dan Kebakaran Hutan Sabana di Waingapu

Waingapu is one of the areas in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province which often suffered from savanna fires. Savanna fires prevention can be done by utilizing hotspot data for analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS). The climate is one of factors influence the occurrence of savanna fires in Waingapu. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between precipitation, SST anomalies, and the occurrences of savanna fires in Waingapu. This research was conducted on February April 2021 at the Forest and Land Fires Laboratory, Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University. The data used are MODIS and VIIRS hotspot data, daily precipitation data and SST 3.4 anomaly data. The results showed that precipitation was inversely related to hotspots with a negative correlation value. SST anomaly is inversely related to precipitation a negative correlation value. While the SST anomaly with hotspots is directly proportional with a positive correlation value. Keywords: climate, hotspot, Geographic Information System (GIS), WaingapuWaingapu merupakan salah satu daerah di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur yang sering dilanda kebakaran hutan sabana. Pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan dapat memanfaatkan data titik panas untuk dianalisis dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Iklim merupakan salah satu faktor alam yang memengaruhi terjadinya kebakaran hutan sabana di Waingapu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan antara curah hujan, anomali SST, dan kejadian kebakaran hutan sabana di Waingapu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari April 2021 di Laboratorium Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan, Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Data yang digunakan adalah data titik panas MODIS dan VIIRS, data curah hujan harian dan data anomali SST 3.4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan berhubungan terbalik dengan titik panas dengan nilai korelasi negatif. Anomali SST berhubungan terbalik dengan curah hujan dengan nilai korelasi negatif. Sedangkan anomali SST dengan titik panas berbanding lurus dengan nilai korelasi positif. Kata Kunci: hotspot, iklim, Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), Waingap

Anomali Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Effect and Rain Fall on Forest and Land Fire in Province Riau

Land and forest fire  that  happening in Riau often occur during the dry season. The climate is one of the natural factors that can affect the occurrence of forest and land fire. In addition to climate conditions, sea surface temperature can also influence the occurrence of fires. Sea surface warming in the Pacific Ocean will cause extreme weather changes in Indonesia that can trigger a great fire due to precipitation changes that occur. To find out the genesis of the fire, it can be seen from the number of Hotspots that are captured by the MODIS satellite. The objective of this research is to know the relationship between warming sea water, rainfall and the incidence of fires in Riau using MODIS hotspot data, SST anomalies and precipitation. This research shows that correlation level between rainfall and hotspot include low level (R2 =10,89%), however, result of statistic analysis (P = 0,00) show that rainfall affect on fire  ccurrence. Hotspot  increase in February-March and July-August on dry season in Riau. Low correlation and Pvalue = 0,302  show that Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly do not affect forest and land fire in Riau

Estimation of Carbon Emission (CO2) as Forest and Land Fire impact at various Land Cover Types in Riau Province during year 2000-2009

Forest and land fire is one of the most disturbance form that can decrease area and forest function. Forest and land fire is often connected with conversion activity, from forest area to non-forest area. Conversion activities significantly increase because of the increasing of human need on the land. Riau is one of province that vulnerable to the forest and land fire, Based on recorded data it had been found that in the on year 2005 burned area in Riau was about 24,500 ha. One of the important factors which cause forest and land fire in Riau province is conversion activitye. Hotspot can be use as one indicator to determining vulnerability of forest and land fire. Negative impact that occured from forest and land fire is connected with carbon emission. The research aims to analyze the occurance of forest and land fire at various land cover type during 2000-2009 and also the estimation of produced carbon emissions.Keywords: carbon emission, hotspot, land cove

CO2 Emission Suspection as Green House Gas Impact of Forest and Land Fire on Some Land Cover Type in Center Kalimantan, Year 2000-2009

Land and forest fire can release carbon emissions into the air, for example happened in Central Kalimantan. Especially from land use conversion. Land and forest fire area can be predicted by using hotspot data. Carbon emissions measured by the potential of burnt area on every land covers. This research show that an increase in the number of hotspot from 2000 to 2009. The highest number of hotspot in 2006 reached 22,505 spot. The increasing number of hotspot form 2000 to 2009 is in line with the increasing of burned area on every land covers. Swamp shrub has the highest potential of burned area that reached 113,608.66 ha. Shrub converted to palm oil plantation released the highest carbon emission (801,764 ton). The highest carbondioxide emission on mineral land in Central Kalimantan was released from shrub in 2005 (459,427 ton). While on peat land, the highest carbondioxide emission was released from secondary swamp forest in 2005 (80,851 ton) and primary swamp forest in 2009 (180,531 ton)

Carbondioxide (CO2) Emissions Estimation caused by Forest Fire on Different Land Cover in West Kalimantan Province in 2000-2009

Forest fire is one of forest disturbance that may reduce forest area in Indonesia. West Kalimantan is one of Indonesian provinces that are vulnerable to forest fire. It is caused by land use changes that occurred in West Kalimantan Province. Forest fire has a huge impact, it has related with carbondioxide (CO2) emissions are produced.This research was conducted between April and June 2012 at Forest Fires Laboratory, Departement of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. The data used is hotspot data from Fire Information Resources Management System (FIRMS), precipitation data from Center for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysic (BMKG), and land cover map of West Kalimantan from Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). Hotspot data were processed to estimate burned area in each land covers, thus carbondioxide emissions could be obtained. The purpose of this research is to analyze forest and land fire occurrences on different land covers in West Kalimantan in 2000-2009 and to estimate their carbon dioxide emissions.The results showed that primary swamp forest in West Kalimantan decreased until 21% in 2009 while palm oil plantation has increased to 182%. The highest hotspot in the period 2000-2009 occurred in 2006 with 10,699 hotspot. The highest hotspot in 2000, 2005, and 2009 where occurred in shrubland as 225, 1069, and 2205 respectively. The increased of the numbers of hotspot is in line with burned area and CO2 emissions. The largest burned area occurred in shrubland in 2009 (182,718 ha). The highest CO2 emission on mineral land is found in shrubland in 2009 (1,480,023 tons) while primary swamp forest is the highest CO2 emissions producer on peat land in 2009 (91,163 tons). Changes in primary swamp forest into oil palm plantation released the highest CO2 emissions in the amount of 249,209 tons.Key words: carbondioxide emissions, hotspot, land cove

KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT DAYAK NGAJU DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH DALAM MELAKUKAN PENYIAPAN LAHAN DENGAN PEMBAKARAN Local wisdom of Dayak Ngaju in Central Kalimantan on Land Preparation by using Fire

Dayak Ngaju community used to manage the peat-land for agricultural purposes by the Handel system. The Handel System is a group farming activity in a spesific area along one small river. Land preparation is one of the important step in this system, and Dayak Ngaju community used to do it by fire. Land preparation by burning activity has been done since the very first generation of Dayak Ngaju. There are two important things in land preparation of Dayak Ngaju in Mantangai Village Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan, e.g 1) Rules and ritual tradition for land preparation, and 2) the techniques of land-preparation with burning activity. Burning activity should be well-supervised, and there will be a fine (jipen) given if the fire spread uncontrolable and burn the others land. The techniques for land preparation are still in traditional approach, from selected thinning, clearing, and burning activity. Recently there is no appropriate land preparation technology introduced yet, thus make Dayak Ngaju community still highly depend on using fire for their land preparation activity.Key words: handel, land preparatio

Soil Responses on Peatland Fire: Case Studies in Jambi and Central Kalimantan

Jambi and Central Kalimantan Provinces are among fire-prone provinces that experience fire annually. The provinces have large peatland areas, which are susceptible to fire.  The peatland fire cause impacts on peat soil characteristics, including peat physical and chemical properties. The study was conducted in Sinar Wajo Village, Jambi and Kalampangan and Tumbang Nusa villages, Central Kalimantan Provinces. Land clearing activities for agriculture farming mostly caused forest and land fire in both locations. This study compares physical and chemical soil characteristics on burned and unburned peatland areas in Jambi and Central Kalimantan.  Samples of peat soil were taken from 0-20 cm depth.  Peat soil chemical and physical properties obtained from laboratory analyses were statistically analyzed to compare the properties in burned and unburned areas using JASP.  The study resulted in significant differences for Potassium, Sodium, and Calcium, which indicate higher content in the burned plots than the unburned plots. Key words: Chemical soil properties, land clearing, peatland, physical soil propertiesProvinsi Jambi dan Kalimantan Tengah merupakan daerah rawan kebakaran, yang selalu mengalami kebakaran setiap tahun.  Kedua provinsi memiliki lahan gambut yang luas yang rentan terhadap kebakaran.  Kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut memberikan dampak pada sifat tanah gambut, termasuk sifat fisika dan sifat kimia.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Sinar Wajo, Jambi, Desa Kalampangan dan Tumbang Nusa, Kalimantan Tengah. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di lokasi penelitian pada umumnya disebabkan oleh kegiatan penyaiapan lahan untuk pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan sifat fisika tanah dan sifat kimia tanah pada lahan gambut terbakar dan tidak terbakar di Jambi dan Kalimantan Tengah. Sampel tanah gambut diambil pada kedalam 0-20 cm.  Hasil analisis laboratorium sampel tanah diolah secara statistik dengan menggunakan JASP untuk membandingkan sifata tanah terbakar dan tidak terbakar.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan untuk Kalium, Natrium, dan Kalsium.  Kata kunci: Lahan gambut, penyiapan lahan, sifat fisika tanah, sifat kimia tanah

KESEHATAN AREAL HUTAN PASCA KEBAKARAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG CIREMAI, KUNINGAN, JAWA BARAT

The condition of forests in Indonesia needs more attention because they are constantly disturbed, one of which is fires. Gunung Ciremai National Park (TNGC) is a forest area that often experiences fires, so efforts to control forest fires are needed to minimize the adverse effects of forest fires. One of the activities to control forest fires is post-fire handling by monitoring the post-fire area. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the health condition of burned forest areas in TNGC in various cluster plots and (2) to analyze the differences in the health conditions of areas with different burning frequencies and the differences in the health conditions of burned and unburned areas. Observation of forest health conditions in TNGC is carried out by measuring the impact of fires on vegetation using the Forest Health Monitoring method using three indicators: productivity, biodiversity, and canopy conditions. The number of plot clusters built is four in burned areas and one in unburned areas. The results of this study indicate that the impact of forest fires is lower in areas burned once than in areas burned more than five times. Overall, the unburned areas showed better health conditions than the burnt areas. It is necessary to restore the ecosystem by planting native species that have high adaptability to fire and are suitable for land conditions in the Pajaten Block. It is necessary to plant species that can be used as green belts in the Gibug Block.Kondisi hutan di Indonesia perlu mendapat perhatian lebih karena terus menerus mendapat gangguan, salah satunya adalah kebakaran. Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC) merupakan kawasan hutan yang sering mengalami kebakaran sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya pengendalian kebakaran hutan guna meminimalisir dampak buruk dari kebakaran hutan. Salah satu kegiatan dalam upaya pengendalian kebakaran hutan adalah penanganan pasca kebakaran dengan melakukan monitoring pada areal pasca kebakaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) menganalisis kondisi kesehatan areal hutan bekas terbakar di TNGC pada berbagai klaster plot dan (2) menganalisis perbedaan kondisi kesehatan areal dengan frekuensi terbakar yang berbeda serta perbedaan kondisi kesehatan areal yang terbakar dan tidak terbakar. Pengamatan kondisi kesehatan hutan di TNGC dilakukan dengan pengukuran dampak kebakaran terhadap vegetasi menggunakan metode Forest Health Monitoring dengan menggunakan tiga indikator, yaitu produktivitas, biodiversitas, dan kondisi tajuk. Jumlah klaster plot yang dibangun yaitu empat klaster plot pada areal terbakar dan satu klaster plot di areal tidak terbakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak kebakaran hutan lebih rendah pada areal 1 kali terbakar dibandingkan pada areal lebih dari 5 kali terbakar. Secara keseluruhan, areal tidak terbakar menunjukkan kondisi kesehatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan areal bekas terbakar. Upaya pemulihan ekosistem perlu dilakukan dengan menanam jenis asli yang cocok dengan kondisi lahan di Blok Pajaten dan memiliki daya adaptasi terhadap api dan perlu dilakukan penanaman jenis yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sekat bakar hijau di Blok Gibug