7 research outputs found
Jaciments amb gravats rupestres del SĂ hara Occidental
Des de 1995 la Universitat de Girona estĂ documentant i estudiant jaciments amb art rupestre al SĂ hara Occidental per tal de realitzar un inventari patrimonial. En aquest article presentem els jaciments de gravats que estem estudiant, com sĂłn Sluguilla Lawaj, i Gleb Terzug.Sluguilla Lawaj Ă©s un jaciment amb mĂ©s de 35 kms de llargada, on afloren lloses quarcĂtiques devĂČniques amb superfĂcies llises on hi ha gravats sobretot animals salvatges, a mĂ©s dâalguns signes i figures antropomĂČrfes. EstilĂsticament encaixa perfectament amb lâescola de Tazina, caracterĂstica a tot el SĂ hara amb diverses nĂșclis importants (Oued Djerat, provĂncia del sud dâOran, Fezan...). Tan per lâextensiĂł, com per la densitat de gravats, Sluguilla Lawaj es conforma corn un nou nucli dâaquest art gravat, considerat dels mĂ©s antics del SĂ hara. Gleb Terzug, en canvi correspon a una cronologia mĂ©s recent, amb gravats piquetejats mĂ©s esquemĂ tics. La temĂ tica aquĂ Ă©s diferent, hi abunden animals ja domĂšstics, amb gran profusiĂł de signes i «mascares» i alguna representaciĂł antropomorfa. En aquest cas les roques que fan de suport sĂłn afloraments de marbres blancs molt brillants. En aquest cas els paral lelismes son mĂ©s escasos, perĂČ coneixem altres jaciments del SĂ hara Occidental documentats durant lâĂšpoca colonial on hi ha motius semblantsCâest Ă partir de 1995 que lâUniversitĂ© de GĂ©rone a prospectĂ© et Ă©tudiĂ© les sites de lâart rupestre du Sahara occidental, afin de rĂ©aliser lâinventaire de ce patrimoine. Nous prĂ©sentons ici les sites Ă gravures en cours dâĂ©tude, tels Sluguilla Lawaj et Gleb Terzug. Sluguilla Lawaj est un site qui sâĂ©tend sur 35 km. Les gravures de faune sauvage et de quelques signes et figures anthropomorphes profitent des affleurements de quartzite dĂ©vonien dont les dalles offrent des surfaces lisses. Les style correspond bien Ă lâĂ©cole de Tazina, typique de lâaire saharienne avec divers centres importants (Oued Djerat, province du sud Oranais, Fezan...). La profusion et la densitĂ© des gravures font de Sluguilla Lawaj un nouveau centre de cet art gravĂ©, considĂ©rĂ© comme le plus ancien du Sahara. Gleb Terzug au contraire, avec ses gravures piquetĂ©es plus schĂ©matiques, sâinscrit dans une chronologie plus rĂ©cente. La thĂ©matique diffĂšre, avec des reprĂ©sentations dâanimaux dĂ©jĂ domestiquĂ©s et une grande abondance de signes, de masques et de quelques figures anthropomorphes. La roche support correspond Ă des affleurements de marbre trĂšs brillant. Les comparaisons avec dâautres zones sont plus rares, mais dâautres sites similaires ont Ă©tĂ© signalĂ©s au Sahara occidental pendant lâĂ©poque colonialeSince 1995, the University of Girona has prospected and studied the sites of rupestrian art in Western Sahara, so as to draw up an inventory of that patrimony. Ln this article, we present the sites with engravings being studied at present, such as Sluguilla Lawaj and Gleb Terzug. Sluguilla Lawaj is a site 35 km long where there crop out Devonian quartz rocks offering smooth surfaces, in which wild fauna has been engraved as well as some signs and anthropomorphous shapes. That style is in perfect keeping with the Tazina school, typical of the whole Saharan area with a few very important nuclei - Wadi Djerat, province in the south of Oran, Fezan. Both the profusion and density of engravings have turned Sluguilla Lawaj into a new centre of engraved art, considered as the most ancient in Sahara.Gleb Terzug, on the contrary, lies within the scope of a more recent chronology with its pounded, more schematic engravings. The themes differ as well, abounding in domesticated animals, signs, masks and anthropomorphous shapes. On that spot, the rocks used as supports are outcrops of glittering marble. Ln the latter case, parallels with other zones have scarcely been drawn, though other similar sites were reported in Western Sahara during the colonial perio
La pintura rupestre del SĂ hara Occidental
En lâĂ mbit de la pintura del Sahara occidental, lâatenciĂł sâha centrat sobre els jaciments fins ara inĂšdits de Rekeiz i del uadi Kenta. Tots dos conserven pintures rupestres en petits abrics de gres poc profunds, uns 50 en el cas de Rekeiz i uns 27 en el del uadi Kenta. En aquests indrets es representen escenes pintades dâĂšpoques i estils molt diferents, des de figuracions molt naturalistes a dâaltres de totalment esquemĂ tiques. LâabundĂ ncia, la riquesa i la complexitat de les representations artĂstiques, doncs, esdevenen uns testimonis de gran valor per a lâestudi de la desconeguda PrehistĂČria dâaquesta regioDans le contexte de la recherche des Ćuvres picturales au Sahara occidental, nos efforts se sont focalisĂ©s sur des gisements inĂ©dits de Rekeiz et de lâOued Kenta. Tous deux ont conservĂ© des peintures rupestres dans de petits abris de grĂšs peu profonds : une cinquantaine pour Rekeiz et 27 pour lâautre site. Sur ces sites sont reprĂ©sentĂ©s des scĂšnes peintes dâĂ©poques et de styles trĂšs diffĂ©rents, depuis des figurations trĂšs naturalistes jusquâĂ des Ćuvres totalement schĂ©matiques. Lâabondance, la richesse et la complexitĂ© des reprĂ©sentatios artistiques sont de grande valeur pour la connaissance de la PrĂ©histoire de cette rĂ©gionDuring our research of pictorial works in western Sahara, we focused upon the unsearched deposits of Rekeiz and of Kenta wadi. Both have kept rupestrian paintings in shallow sandstone little shelters: aroundfifty in Rekeiz and 27 for the second site. There appear scenes painted at different times and different styles, from very naturalistic representations up to totally schematic works. The abundance, the richness and complexity of those artistic achievements are great assets for the knowledge of Prehistory in that regio
Hepatic regulation of VLDL receptor by PPARÎČ/ÎŽ and FGF21 modulates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
The very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) plays an important role in the development of hepatic steatosis. In this study, we investigated the role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)ÎČ/ÎŽ and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in hepatic VLDLR regulation. Studies were conducted in wild-type and PparÎČ/ÎŽ -null mice, primary mouse hepatocytes, human Huh-7 hepatocytes, and liver biopsies from control subjects and patients with moderate and severe hepatic steatosis. Increased VLDLR levels were observed in liver of PparÎČ/ÎŽ -null mice and in PparÎČ/ÎŽ -knocked down mouse primary hepatocytes through mechanisms involving the heme-regulated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase (HRI), activating transcription factor (ATF) 4 and the oxidative stress-induced nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathways. Moreover, by using a neutralizing antibody against FGF21, Fgf21 -null mice and by treating mice with recombinant FGF21, we show that FGF21 may protect against hepatic steatosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced VLDLR upregulation. Finally, in liver biopsies from patients with moderate and severe hepatic steatosis, we observed an increase in VLDLR levels that was accompanied by a reduction in PPARÎČ/ÎŽ mRNA abundance and DNA-binding activity compared with control subjects. Overall, these findings provide new mechanisms by which PPARÎČ/ÎŽ and FGF21 regulate VLDLR levels and influence hepatic steatosis development
Hepatic regulation of VLDL receptor by PPARbeta/delta and FGF21 modulates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
OBJECTIVE: The very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) plays an important role in the development of hepatic steatosis. In this study, we investigated the role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)beta/delta and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in hepatic VLDLR regulation. METHODS: Studies were conducted in wild-type and Pparbeta/delta-null mice, primary mouse hepatocytes, human Huh-7 hepatocytes, and liver biopsies from control subjects and patients with moderate and severe hepatic steatosis. RESULTS: Increased VLDLR levels were observed in liver of Pparbeta/delta-null mice and in Pparbeta/delta-knocked down mouse primary hepatocytes through mechanisms involving the heme-regulated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) kinase (HRI), activating transcription factor (ATF) 4 and the oxidative stress-induced nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathways. Moreover, by using a neutralizing antibody against FGF21, Fgf21-null mice and by treating mice with recombinant FGF21, we show that FGF21 may protect against hepatic steatosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced VLDLR upregulation. Finally, in liver biopsies from patients with moderate and severe hepatic steatosis, we observed an increase in VLDLR levels that was accompanied by a reduction in PPARbeta/delta mRNA abundance and DNA-binding activity compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings provide new mechanisms by which PPARbeta/delta and FGF21 regulate VLDLR levels and influence hepatic steatosis development
Hepatic regulation of VLDL receptor by PPARbeta/delta and FGF21 modulates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
OBJECTIVE: The very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) plays an important role in the development of hepatic steatosis. In this study, we investigated the role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)beta/delta and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in hepatic VLDLR regulation. METHODS: Studies were conducted in wild-type and Pparbeta/delta-null mice, primary mouse hepatocytes, human Huh-7 hepatocytes, and liver biopsies from control subjects and patients with moderate and severe hepatic steatosis. RESULTS: Increased VLDLR levels were observed in liver of Pparbeta/delta-null mice and in Pparbeta/delta-knocked down mouse primary hepatocytes through mechanisms involving the heme-regulated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) kinase (HRI), activating transcription factor (ATF) 4 and the oxidative stress-induced nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathways. Moreover, by using a neutralizing antibody against FGF21, Fgf21-null mice and by treating mice with recombinant FGF21, we show that FGF21 may protect against hepatic steatosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced VLDLR upregulation. Finally, in liver biopsies from patients with moderate and severe hepatic steatosis, we observed an increase in VLDLR levels that was accompanied by a reduction in PPARbeta/delta mRNA abundance and DNA-binding activity compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings provide new mechanisms by which PPARbeta/delta and FGF21 regulate VLDLR levels and influence hepatic steatosis development
Roches ornées, roches dressées
Jean AbĂ©lanet peut ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© comme le pionnier de l'archĂ©ologie actuelle sur les terres nord-catalanes. Ce rĂŽle de prĂ©curseur dans la dĂ©couverte de sites majeurs, mais aussi sa contribution savante Ă l'avancĂ©e des Ă©tudes prĂ©historiques, tant sur le mĂ©galithisme en PyrĂ©nĂ©es que sur l'art rupestre post-glaciaire en Europe occidentale, justifient l'hommage qui lui est rendu par la communautĂ© des chercheurs. Cet hommage a pris la forme d'un colloque placĂ© sous l'Ă©gide de l'Association ArchĂ©ologique des PyrĂ©nĂ©es-Orientales, dont il fut membre fondateur, et de l'UniversitĂ© de Perpignan, dont il fut le premier enseignant en PrĂ©histoire. Sont rassemblĂ©es dans cet ouvrage les contributions de 74 auteurs et co-auteurs. Ces 576 pages, abondamment illustrĂ©es par prĂšs de 300 figures, abordent des sujets trĂšs divers qui reflĂštent les diffĂ©rents champs d'Ă©tudes balayĂ©s par son insatiable et humaniste curiositĂ©. Une premiĂšre partie, remontant aux sources des arts et des mythes, Ă©claire certains aspects de l'art rupestre et du mĂ©galithisme, depuis leurs origines jusqu'Ă nos jours, Ă partir de recherches rĂ©centes menĂ©es dans l'Ancien monde, des terres australes d'Afrique jusqu'en Europe de l'Ouest. Le second thĂšme, tout en laissant une large place Ă l'Ă©tude des arts et des traditions funĂ©raires, rassemble des travaux pluridisciplinaires menĂ©s Ă l'orient des PyrĂ©nĂ©es, travaux d'historiographie, de palynologie, de gĂ©ologie, d'archĂ©ologie prĂ©historique et historique, d'histoire ou d'ethnologie