Kartlegging av råstoff som grunnlag for proteinkilder til fôr i Rogaland

Rapporten gir en oversikt over den regionale råstoffsituasjonen for fôrproduksjon i Rogaland. Fokus i rapporten er på tilgjengelig råstoff for protein. Kilder til EPA/DHA er dermed ikke vurdert. Rogaland er et spennende fylke med tanke på fôrproduksjon. Sentrale globale fôraktører som Cargill og Skretting har FoU aktivitet her og Skretting sitt hovedkontor er lokalisert i Stavanger. I tillegg er det næringsaktivitet samt FoU knyttet til proteinproduksjon basert på encellede mikroorganismer og børstemark. Rogaland er et viktig landbruksfylke og det er tilgjengelig forholdsvis store ressurser både i from av restråstoff og jordbruksvekster. Rapporten gir en oversikt over hvilke fôrressurser som er tilgjengelig i regionen, hva som er et interessant minimumsnivå for råvaren og hvordan pris og markedssituasjonen er. Videre gis det informasjon om teknologi og kompetanse i regionen. Forhold som regional/nasjonal investeringsvilje diskuteres samt regulatoriske forhold knyttet til fôringredienser belyses.Kartlegging av råstoff som grunnlag for proteinkilder til fôr i RogalandpublishedVersio

Sea lice (Lepeophtherius salmonis) detection and quantification around aquaculture installations using environmental DNA

The naturally occurring ectoparasite salmon lice (Lepeophtherirus salmonis) poses a great challenge for the salmon farming industry, as well as for wild salmonids in the Northern hemisphere. To better control the infestation pressure and protect the production, there is a need to provide fish farmers with sensitive and efficient tools for rapid early detection and monitoring of the parasitic load. This can be achieved by targeting L. salmonis DNA in environmental samples. Here, we developed and tested a new L. salmonis specific DNA-based assay (qPCR assay) for detection and quantification from seawater samples using an analytical pipeline compatible with the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) for autonomous water sample analysis of gene targets. Specificity of the L. salmonis qPCR assay was demonstrated through in-silico DNA analyses covering sequences of different L. salmonis isolates. Seawater was spiked with known numbers of nauplii and copepodite free-swimming (planktonic) stages of L. salmonis to investigate the relationship with the number of marker gene copies (MGC). Finally, field samples collected at different times of the year in the vicinity of a salmon production farm in Western Norway were analyzed for L. salmonis detection and quantification. The assay specificity was high and a high correlation between MGC and planktonic stages of L. salmonis was established in the laboratory conditions. In the field, L. salmonis DNA was consequently detected, but with MGC number below that expected for one copepodite or nauplii. We concluded that only L. salmonis tissue or eDNA residues were detected. This novel study opens for a fully automatized L. salmonis DNA quantification using ESP robotic to monitor the parasitic load, but challenges remain to exactly transfer information about eDNA quantities to decisions by the farmers and possible interventions.publishedVersio

Baseline characteristics of people experiencing homelessness with a recent drug overdose in the PHOENIx pilot randomised controlled trial

Background: Drug-related deaths in Scotland are the highest in Europe. Half of all deaths in people experiencing homelessness are drug related, yet we know little about the unmet health needs of people experiencing homelessness with recent non-fatal overdose, limiting a tailored practice and policy response to a public health crisis. Methods: People experiencing homelessness with at least one non-fatal street drug overdose in the previous 6 months were recruited from 20 venues in Glasgow, Scotland, and randomised into PHOENIx plus usual care, or usual care. PHOENIx is a collaborative assertive outreach intervention by independent prescriber NHS Pharmacists and third sector homelessness workers, offering repeated integrated, holistic physical, mental and addictions health and social care support including prescribing. We describe comprehensive baseline characteristics of randomised participants. Results: One hundred and twenty-eight participants had a mean age of 42 years (SD 8.4); 71% male, homelessness for a median of 24 years (IQR 12–30). One hundred and eighteen (92%) lived in large, congregate city centre temporary accommodation. A quarter (25%) were not registered with a General Practitioner. Participants had overdosed a mean of 3.2 (SD 3.2) times in the preceding 6 months, using a median of 3 (IQR 2–4) non-prescription drugs concurrently: 112 (87.5%) street valium (benzodiazepine-type new psychoactive substances); 77 (60%) heroin; and 76 (59%) cocaine. Half (50%) were injecting, 50% into their groins. 90% were receiving care from Alcohol and Drug Recovery Services (ADRS), and in addition to using street drugs, 90% received opioid substitution therapy (OST), 10% diazepam for street valium use and one participant received heroin-assisted treatment. Participants had a mean of 2.2 (SD 1.3) mental health problems and 5.4 (SD 2.5) physical health problems; 50% received treatment for physical or mental health problems. Ninety-one per cent had at least one mental health problem; 66% had no specialist mental health support. Participants were frail (70%) or pre-frail (28%), with maximal levels of psychological distress, 44% received one or no daily meal, and 58% had previously attempted suicide. Conclusions: People at high risk of drug-related death continue to overdose repeatedly despite receiving OST. High levels of frailty, multimorbidity, unsuitable accommodation and unmet mental and physical health care needs require a reorientation of services informed by evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Trial registration UK Clinical Trials Registry identifier: ISRCTN 10585019

Utredning av sirkulærøkonomien i sjømatnæringen

Utredningen har fremskaffet et bredt kunnskapsgrunnlag for videre arbeid innen sirkulær økonomi i sjømatnæringen. Arbeidet har identifisert status, kunnskapsbehov, muligheter og utfordringer for at næringen skal nå forventningene om sirkulærøkonomi. Det er store muligheter for økt sirkularitet i norsk sjømatproduksjon, men det er også barrierer/hindringer i sjømatnæringen. En bedre utnyttelse av ressurser innen sjømatnæringen, inkludert redusert tap av sjømat og restråstoffer og økt resirkulering av plast og andre materialer, kan føre til flere arbeidsplasser innen næringen selv og tilhørende næringer som landbruk (industriell symbiose) samt nye verdikjeder. Arbeidet viser til at sirkulærøkonomi er mer enn resirkulering. Nøkkelen ligger i å gjenoppbygge ressursgrunnlaget, da kan man høste ressurser i evighetsperspektiv.Utredning av sirkulærøkonomien i sjømatnæringenpublishedVersio

Utredning av sirkulærøkonomien i sjømatnæringen

Utredningen har fremskaffet et bredt kunnskapsgrunnlag for videre arbeid innen sirkulær økonomi i sjømatnæringen. Arbeidet har identifisert status, kunnskapsbehov, muligheter og utfordringer for at næringen skal nå forventningene om sirkulærøkonomi. Det er store muligheter for økt sirkularitet i norsk sjømatproduksjon, men det er også barrierer/hindringer i sjømatnæringen. En bedre utnyttelse av ressurser innen sjømatnæringen, inkludert redusert tap av sjømat og restråstoffer og økt resirkulering av plast og andre materialer, kan føre til flere arbeidsplasser innen næringen selv og tilhørende næringer som landbruk (industriell symbiose) samt nye verdikjeder. Arbeidet viser til at sirkulærøkonomi er mer enn resirkulering. Nøkkelen ligger i å gjenoppbygge ressursgrunnlaget, da kan man høste ressurser i evighetsperspektiv.publishedVersio

14-3-3s regulate global cleavage of their diverse binding partners in sugar-starved Arabidopsis cells

Despite 14-3-3 proteins being implicated in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle, metabolism, cell signalling and survival, little is known about the global regulation or functions of the phosphorylation-dependent binding of 14-3-3s to diverse target proteins. We identified Arabidopsis cytosolic proteins that bound 14-3-3s in competition with a 14-3-3-binding phosphopeptide, including nitrate reductase, glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a calcium-dependent protein kinase, sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) and glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. Remarkably, in cells starved of sugars or fed with non-metabolizable glucose analogues, all 14-3-3 binding was lost and the target proteins were selectively cleaved into proteolytic fragments. 14-3-3 binding reappeared after several hours of re-feeding with sugars. Starvation-induced degradation was blocked by 5-amino imidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (which is converted to an AMP-mimetic) or the protease inhibitor MG132 (Cbz-leu-leu-leucinal). Extracts of sugar-starved (but not sugar-fed) Arabidopsis cells contained an ATP-independent, MG132-sensitive, neutral protease that cleaved Arabidopsis SPS, and the mammalian 14-3-3-regulated transcription factor, FKHR. Cleavage of SPS and phosphorylated FKHR in vitro was blocked by binding to 14-3-3s. The finding that 14-3-3s participate in a nutrient-sensing pathway controlling cleavage of many targets may underlie the effects of these proteins on plant development

Reducing sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) through functional feeds

Health diets for Atlantic salmon have become an important component of the integrated pest management strategies targeting sea lice. A challenge trial was performed to examine the effect of supplementing salmon diets with either immunostimulants or essential oils. One control and four experimental diets containing immunostimulants or natural identical extracts were fed to Atlantic salmon in triplicate tanks for 4 weeks before challenging the fish with the sea lice copepodids. Prevalence of infection was 100%, and the mean abundance of infection was 21.2. The lowest mean lice count of 17 per fish (P< 0.05) was found in the group fed a mix of natural identical plant extracts (PX I). This represents a 20% reduction in infection, showing the potential for health diets to be employed as a tool to help control sea lice. To gain an understanding of the mechanisms of action underlying this protection, fish fed the control diet and fish fed the PX I diet were compared using quantitative histology of the epidermis and proteomic analysis of epidermal mucus. No significant differences were seen in the thickness of the epidermis or mucous cell percentage area, but differences in expression were seen for a number of proteins, including heat shock proteins, in epidermal mucus

An evaluation of corallophelia pertusamucus as an analytical matrix for environmental monitoring: A preliminary proteomic study

For the environmental monitoring of coral, mucus appears to be an appropriate biological matrix due to its array of functions in coral biology and the non-intrusive manner in which it can be collected. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using mucus of the stony coral Lophelia pertusa (L. pertusa) as an analytical matrix for discovery of biomarkers used for environmental monitoring. More specifically, to assess whether a mass-spectrometry-based proteomic approach can be applied to characterize the protein composition of coral mucus and changes related to petroleum discharges at the seafloor. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) screening analyses of orange and white L. pertusa showed that the mucosal protein composition varies significantly with color phenotype, a pattern not reported prior to this study. Hence, to reduce variability from phenotype difference, L. pertusa white individuals only were selected to characterize in more detail the basal protein composition in mucus using liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total, 297 proteins were identified in L. pertusa mucus of unexposed coral individuals. Individuals exposed to drill cuttings in the range 2 to 12 mg/L showed modifications in coral mucus protein composition compared to unexposed corals. Although the results were somewhat inconsistent between individuals and require further validation in both the lab and the field, this study demonstrated preliminary encouraging results for discovery of protein markers in coral mucus that might provide more comprehensive insight into potential consequences attributed to anthropogenic stressors and may be used in future monitoring of coral health