Characterization of the Fungal Microbiota (Mycobiome) in Healthy and Dandruff-Afflicted Human Scalps

The human scalp harbors a vast community of microbial mutualists, the composition of which is difficult to elucidate as many of the microorganisms are not culturable using current culture techniques. Dandruff, a common scalp disorder, is known as a causative factor of a mild seborrheic dermatitis as well as pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis. Lipophilic yeast Malassezia is widely accepted to play a role in dandruff, but relatively few comprehensive studies have been reported. In order to investigate fungal biota and genetic resources of dandruff, we amplified the 26S rRNA gene from samples of healthy scalps and dandruff-afflicted scalps. The sequences were analyzed by a high throughput method using a GS-FLX 454 pyrosequencer. Of the 74,811 total sequence reads, Basidiomycota (Filobasidium spp.) was the most common phylum associated with dandruff. In contrast, Ascomycota (Acremonium spp.) was common in the healthy scalps. Our results elucidate the distribution of fungal communities associated with dandruff and provide new avenues for the potential prevention and treatment of dandruff

Evaluation of root structure loss using AutoCAD assisted histomorphometry

Aims: The quantitative measurement and characterization of microscopical images using a computer is histomorphometry. The purpose of this experimental research is to evaluate the validity of two methods of histomorphometry of root structure loss measuring antiresorptive efficacy of topical application of alendronate in delayed tooth replantation on a canine model. Methods: We used fortyeight premolar mature roots from five dogs in the study. Roots were soaked in: 1 mMol of ALN, 3 mMol of ALN and physiological saline. After 4 months, animals were sacrificed and a bone block was prepared for analysis. Histological slides were photographed with digital camera (Olympus C 5060 5.1 megapixel) which is directly attached to microscope (Carl Zeiss, Axiolab, Jena, Germany) connected to a PC. The images obtained were stored as figures (TIFF) for further interpretation. Root structure loss due to resorption was measured in two ways. Results: The t-test for two independent samples for evaluating root mass loss between different methods of measurement was used. (t=4.497; df=17; p<0.05). Conclusion: The obtained results showed additional accuracy and precision by computer method that enables future researchers in the area of traumatic injuries of dento-alveolar system, for applying in pathohistology scientific approach, and for measuring the resorption changes on the roots of replanted teeth

Evaluation of root structure loss using AutoCAD assisted histomorphometry

he quantitative measurement and characterization of microscopical images using a computer is histomorphometry. The purpose of this experimental research is to evaluate the validity of two methods of histomorphometry of root structure loss measuring antiresorptive efficacy of topical application of alendronate in delayed tooth replantation on a canine model. Methods: We used fortyeight premolar mature roots from five dogs in the study. Roots were soaked in: 1 mMol of ALN, 3 mMol of ALN and physiological saline. After 4 months, animals were sacrificed and a bone block was prepared for analysis. Histological slides were photographed with digital camera (Olympus C 5060 5.1 megapixel) which is directly attached to microscope (Carl Zeiss, Axiolab,Jena, Germany) connected to a PC. The images obtained were stored as figures (TIFF) for further interpretation. Root structure loss due to resorption was measured in two ways. Results: The t-test for two independent samples for evaluating root mass loss between different methods of measurement was used. (t=4.497; df=17; p<0.05). Conclusion: The obtained results showed additional accuracy and precision by computer method that enables future researchers in the area of traumatic injuries of dento-alveolar system, for applying in pathohistology scientific approach, and for measuring the resorption changes on the roots of replanted teeth

COMMUNAUTES LINGUISTIQUES EN PHASE DE TRANSITION IDENTITAIRE ; EXEMPLE DES LOCUTEURS DE L'ANCIEN SERBOCROATE

CETTE THESE SE DONNE POUR OBJECTIF DE METTRE EN EVIDENCE, A TRAVERS LA DESCRIPTION DE LEURS PLANIFICATIONS RESPECTIVES, LES CHOIX POLITIQUES SERBE, CROATE ET BOSNIAQUE EN MATIERE DE LANGUE. ELLE S'APPLIQUE EGALEMENT A CERNER L'EVOLUTION DES COMMUNAUTES LINGUISTIQUES (SELON LA DEFINITION DE LABOV) A TRAVERS UNE ETUDE SUR LES ATTITUDES DES LOCUTEURS DE L'ANCIEN SERBOCROATE. METHODOLOGIQUEMENT CONCUE ET MENEE DANS L'ESPRIT DE L'APPROCHE VARIATIONNISTE, CETTE ETUDE S'INTERESSE PLUS PARTICULIEREMENT A L'INCIDENCE QUE PEUT AVOIR L'APPARTENANCE NATIONALE DES LOCUTEURS SUR L'APPRECIATION SUBJECTIVE QU'ILS ONT DE L'IDENTITE DE LEUR LANGUE ET DE CELLE DES AUTRES. DANS UN PREMIER TEMPS, NOUS ABORDONS LES PROBLEMATIQUES LIEES A LA MISE EN PLACE DES POLITIQUES LINGUISTIQUES EN CROATIE, SERBIE ET BOSNIE-HERZEGOVINE : INTERVENTIONS SUR LE STATUT (NOM DE LA LANGUE, APHABETS), ET INTERVENTIONS SUR LA FORME DE LA LANGUE. FOUS EXPLIQUONS ENSUITE LES PROCESSUS DE CONSTITUTION DE L'ECHANTILLON, PUIS NOUS EXAMINONS SES PRINCIPALES CARACTERISTIQUES SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIQUES ET FAISONS ENFIN UNE ANALYSE APPROFONDIE DES REPONSES DES ENQUETES. LES RESULTATS OBTENUS NOUS PERMETTENT D'ETUDIER, ENTRE AUTRES, LES PHENOMENES DE L'INSECURITE, DE L'IDENTIFICATION DES LANGUES ET DES USAGES DES ALPHABETS. NONOBSTANT SON CARACTERE PUREMENT EXPLORATOIRE, CETTE ENQUETE NOUS AUTORISE A EMETTRE L'HYPOTHESE QU'UNE EVENTUELLE TENTATIVE DE DEFINIR LES COMMUNAUTES LINGUISTIQUES COMPOSEES DES LOCUTEURS DE L'ANCIEN SERBOCROATE SELON LEUR SEULE APPARTENANCE NATIONALE SERAIT, A L'HEURE ACTUELLE, VOUEE A L'ECHEC.PARIS5-BU Saints-Pères (751062109) / SudocSudocFranceF

Sprogforståelse efter 20 år i Danmark: tolkning af anaforer i ledsætninger

Serbokroatisk har i modsætning til dansk nulsubjekter ved topicsammenhæng, dvs. når subjektet i en sætning er koreferentielt med subjektet i en forudgående sætning. Et pronominelt subjekt tolkes derfor i reglen som signal om topicskift og som koreferentielt med et andet led end subjektet i en tidligere sætning. Ved hjælp af en self-paced reading test blev 10 serbokroatiske indvandrere som var kommet til Danmark efter at de var fyldt 15 år, og som havde boet mindst 23 år i Danmark, sammenlignet med 10 danskere med dansk som førstesprog. Forsøgsdeltagerne læste en helsætning med en final adverbiel ledsætning med et pronominelt subjekt som ud fra ledsætningens slutning skulle tolkes som koreferentielt med enten subjektet eller det oblikke led i oversætningen. Resultaterne viste det forventede mønster: Deltagerne med serbokroatisk baggrund læste det relevante område af sætningen signifikant langsommere når pronomenet skulle tolkes som koreferentielt med oversætningens subjekt, end når det skulle tolkes som koreferentielt med det oblikke led i oversætningen. Kontrolgruppen viste en tendens til det omvendte mønster. I konklusionen peges der på betydningen af bevidsthed om de typologiske forskelle mellem dansk og de sprog som tales af voksne flygtninge og indvandrere som skal lære dansk.&nbsp

TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA IN PATIENTS WITH ALOPECIA AREATA

Background : Alopecia areata (AA) is a common form of localized, nonscarring hair loss. It is characterized by the loss of hair in patches, total loss of scalp hair (alopecia totalis, AT), or total loss of body hair (alopecia universalis, AU). The cause of AA is unknown, although most evidence supports the hypothesis that AA is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the hair follicle and that cytokines play an important role. Aims : The aim of the study was to compare the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with AA and the healthy subjects and also to investigate the difference between the localized form of the disease with the extensive forms like AT and AU. Materials and Methods : Sixty patients with AA and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Forty-six patients had localized AA (LAA), and 14 patients had AT, AU, or AT/AU. The serum levels of TNF-α were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay techniques. Results: Serum levels of TNF-α were significantly higher in AA patients than in controls (10.31 ± 1.20 pg ml vs 9.59 ± 0.75 pg/ml, respectively). There was no significant difference in serum levels of TNF-α between patients with LAA and those with extensive forms of the disease. Conclusion : Our findings support the evidence that elevation of serum TNF-α is associated with AA. The exact role of serum TNF-α in AA should be additionally investigated in future studies