Validation and reliability of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in Chinese population

Objectives: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is a widely used questionnaire in epidemiological studies for assessing the physical activity level of elderly. This study aims to translate and validate PASE in Chinese population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: Chinese elderly aged 65 or above. Methods: The original English version of PASE was translated into Chinese (PASE-C) following standardized translation procedures. Ninety Chinese elderly aged 65 or above were recruited in the community. Test-retest reliability was determined by comparing the scores obtained from two separate administrations by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Validity was evaluated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between PASE and Medical Outcome Survey 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), grip strength, single-leg-stance, 5 times sit-to-stand and 10-m walk. Results: PASE-C demonstrated good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient  =0.81). Fair to moderate association were found between PASE-C and most of the subscales of SF-36 (rs=0.285 to 0.578, p<0.01), grip strength (rs=0.405 to 0.426, p<0.001), single-leg-stance (rs =0.470 to 0.548, p<0.001), 5 times sit-to-stand (rs =–0.33, p=0.001) and 10-m walk (rs =–0.281, p=0.007). Conclusion: PASE-C is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the physical activity level of elderly in Chinese population

Musculoskeletal Strength, Balance Performance, and Self-Efficacy in Elderly Ving Tsun Chinese Martial Art Practitioners: Implications for Fall Prevention

Objectives. To (1) compare the bone strength, lower limb muscular strength, functional balance performance, and balance self-efficacy between Ving Tsun (VT) martial art practitioners and nonpractitioners and (2) identify the associations between lower limb muscular strength, functional balance performance, and balance self-efficacy among the VT-trained participants. Methods. Thirty-five VT practitioners (mean age ± SD = 62.7 ± 13.3 years) and 49 nonpractitioners (mean age ± SD = 65.9 ± 10.5 years) participated in the study. The bone strength of the distal radius, lower limb muscular strength, functional balance performance, and balance self-efficacy were assessed using an ultrasound bone sonometer, the five times sit-to-stand test (FTSTS), the Berg balance scale (BBS), and the Chinese version of the activities-specific balance confidence scale, respectively. A multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to compare all the outcome variables between the two groups. Results. Elderly VT practitioners had higher radial bone strength on the dominant side (P<0.05), greater lower limb muscular strength (P=0.001), better functional balance performance (P=0.003), and greater balance confidence (P<0.001) than the nonpractitioners. Additionally, only the FTSTS time revealed a significant association with the BBS score (r=-0.575, P=0.013). Conclusions. VT may be a suitable health-maintenance exercise for the elderly. Our findings may inspire the development of VT fall-prevention exercises for the community-dwelling healthy elderly

Validation and reliability of the Kujala Scale for Chinese population with patellofemoral disorders

Background and Purpose: Patellofemoral disorders are common orthopaedic conditions in active adults. However, a validated instrument for outcome measurement in Chinese population was lacking. This study translated and validated the Kujala scale, a well documented questionnaire for this patient group, into Chinese version. Methods: Following the recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, Chinese Kujala scale was translated from the original English version. Sixty four Chinese reading patients with medical diagnosis of patellofemoral pain were recruited from multiple hospitals and physiotherapy clinics. The psychometric property of the translated instrument was examined in terms of testeretest reliability and internal consistency. Convergent validity was evaluated by Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rho) tests by comparing its score with the validated Chinese version of WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index and SF-36. Results: Chinese Kujala scale demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICCZ0.968). The overall Cronbach alpha and the values of individual questions were above 0.7. Strong correlation was found between the Chinese Kujala scale and the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index (rhoZ-0.708, p<0.001). Weak correlations were found between Chinese Kujala scale with the physical domains of SF-36 (rhoZ0.413 to 0.498, p<0.001). Likewise, weak correlation was also noticed between the “energy vitality” domain (rhoZ0.290, pZ0.02) but the association between the “bodily pain” was not significant (rhoZ0.136, pZ0.284). Conclusion: The Chinese translated version of Kujala scale is a reliable and valid instrument for patients with patellofemoral disorders. The current findings are believed to promote multinational investigations in this patient group

Chinese translation and validation of the Kujala scale for patients with patellofemoral pain

Purpose: This study translated and validated the Kujala scale, a well-documented questionnaire for patients with patellofemoral pain, into Chinese version. Method: Chinese Kujala scale was translated from the original English version following the recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. Sixty four Chinese reading patients who are diagnosed of patellofemoral pain were recruited from multiple hospitals and physiotherapy clinics. Psychometric property was evaluated in terms of test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Convergent validity was examined by Spearman rank correlation coefficient tests by comparing its score with the validated Chinese version of WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index and SF-36. Results: Chinese Kujala scale demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC=0.968, p < 0.001). Cronbach’s α of individual questions and its overall value were above 0.7. Strong correlation was found between the Chinese Kujala scale and the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index (rho=−0.708, p < 0.001). Fairly weak correlations were also found between Chinese Kujala scale with the “physical” (rho=0.413–0.498, p < 0.001) and “energy vitality” (rho=0.290, p=0.02) domains of SF-36. However, the relationship between the “bodily pain” was not significant (rho=0.136, p=0.284). Conclusion: The Chinese translated version of Kujala scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the patellofemoral pain associated functional disturbances among the patient cohort

Development and validation of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in Chinese population (PASE-C)

Background and Purpose: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is a widely used questionnaire to assess the physical activity level for elderly. This study aims to translate and validate PASE in the Chinese population

Chinese adaptation and validation of the Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale

Objective: This study validated the Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale translated into Chinese. Design and setting: The Chinese Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale was translated from the original English version following standard forward and backward translation procedures recommended by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. The survey was then conducted in clinical settings by a questionnaire comprising the Chinese Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale, Kujala Scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index. Subjects: Eighty-four Chinese reading patients with patellofemoral pain were recruited from physical therapy clinics. Main measures: Internal consistency of the translated instrument was measured by Cronbach alpha. Convergent validity was examined by Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rho) tests by comparing its score with the validated Chinese version of the Kujala Scale and the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index while the test–retest reliability was evaluated by administering the questionnaires twice. Results: Cronbach alpha values of individual questions and their overall value were above 0.85. Strong association was found between the Chinese Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale and the Kujala Scale (rho = –0.72, p < 0.001). Moderate correlation was also found between Chinese Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale with the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index (rho = 0.63, p < 0.001). Excellent test–retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98) was demonstrated. Conclusions: The Chinese translated version of the Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for patients with patellofemoral pain