Depression, Emotional Eating and Food Choice

The prevalence of depression has been steadily growing throughout the years, especially among college students. Depression has been rated third amongst the presenting problems in college counseling centers (Drum & Baron, 1998) and studies have indicated that as much as 80% of college students say they have experienced some form of depression throughout college (Westefeld & Furr, 1987). Not only does depression affect college students, but positive affect does as well. Evidence that suggests that those with a history of depression may get the most benefit from having positive affect, given a negative relationship between positive affect and depressive symptoms has been found to be stronger when people are under stress, which may be common in college students (Pruchno & Meeks, 2004). Levels of negative or positive moods, which may lead to higher or levels of emotional eating, may also affect food choice. Language use also affects health, where positive emotion words are linearly related to improved health, and negative emotion words are curvilinearly related and have an inverse-U function (Pennebaker, Mayne & Francis, 1997). In this current research, I examined the relationship between negative/positive affect and their relationship to emotional eating and food choice. Hypotheses include that higher levels of depressed affect will result in higher levels of emotional eating, which in turn will increase sweet food eating, especially in women. Higher levels of positive affect are hypothesized to decrease levels of emotional eating, which in turn will decrease sweet food eating. Results indicated that emotional eating played a role in depressed/positive affect and sweet food eating. The findings of the study supported the hypotheses, suggesting that mood plays a role in food choice

Object Tracking With Opposing Image Capture Devices (US)

Systems and method of compensating for tracking motion of an object are disclosed. One such method includes receiving a series of images captured by each of a plurality of image capture devices. The image capture devices are arranged in an orthogonal configuration of two opposing pairs. The method further includes computing a series of positions of the object and orientations of the object, by processing the images captured by each of the plurality of image capture devices

Towards a Conceptual Model for the FAIR Digital Object Framework

The FAIR principles define a number of expected behaviours for the data and services ecosystem with the goal of improving the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of digital objects. A key aspiration of the principles is that they would lead to a scenario where autonomous computational agents are capable of performing a 'self-guided exploration of the global data ecosystem,' and act properly with the encountered variety of types, formats, access mechanisms and protocols. The lack of consistent support for some of these expected behaviours by current information infrastructures such as the internet and the World Wide Web motivated the emergence, in the last years, of initiatives such as the FAIR Digital Object (FDO) movement. The FDO aims at defining an infrastructure where digital objects can be exposed and explored according to the FAIR principles. In this paper, we report the current status of the work towards an ontology-driven conceptual model for FAIR Digital Objects. The conceptual model covers aspects of digital objects that are relevant to the FAIR principles such as the distinction between metadata and the digital object it describes, the classification of digital objects in terms of both their informational value and their computational representation format, and the relation between different types of FAIR Digital Objects.</p

Wide variation in susceptibility of transmitted/founder HIV-1 subtype C Isolates to protease inhibitors and association with in vitro replication efficiency

© 2016 The Author(s).The gag gene is highly polymorphic across HIV-1 subtypes and contributes to susceptibility to protease inhibitors (PI), a critical class of antiretrovirals that will be used in up to 2 million individuals as second-line therapy in sub Saharan Africa by 2020. Given subtype C represents around half of all HIV-1 infections globally, we examined PI susceptibility in subtype C viruses from treatment-naïve individuals. PI susceptibility was measured in a single round infection assay of full-length, replication competent MJ4/gag chimeric viruses, encoding the gag gene and 142 nucleotides of pro derived from viruses in 20 patients in the Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project acute infection cohort. Ten-fold variation in susceptibility to PIs atazanavir and lopinavir was observed across 20 viruses, with EC50 s ranging 0.71-6.95 nM for atazanvir and 0.64-8.54 nM for lopinavir. Ten amino acid residues in Gag correlated with lopinavir EC50 (p < 0.01), of which 380 K and 389I showed modest impacts on in vitro drug susceptibility. Finally a significant relationship between drug susceptibility and replication capacity was observed for atazanavir and lopinavir but not darunavir. Our findings demonstrate large variation in susceptibility of PI-naïve subtype C viruses that appears to correlate with replication efficiency and could impact clinical outcomes

Ontology-driven conceptual modeling as a service

In the past decades, the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) has played an important role in supporting the development of ontologies in academic and business settings, being employed to represent widely diverse domains. In this period, a dedicated community of researchers has worked to support UFO and its representation language, OntoUML, by creating the OntoUML Lightweight Editor (OLED). Now that a new version of OntoUML is available, the need for up-to-date tool support has exposed the limitations of OLED, its development context, and the difficulties of bringing research contributions to the hands of modelers. To tackle these issues, this paper reflects upon the experiences of this community taking into consideration the goals of researchers (as developers) and modelers to devise a new microserviceoriented modeling infrastructure for OntoUML, called OntoUML as a Service (OaaS). This infrastructure supports future practical contributions to the language with a focus on lowering the entry barrier for the development new contributions and enabling an easier deployment to modelers. The paper also discusses the details of implementing OaaS through a number of projects that currently implement this infrastructure.</p

Time-Delay Interferometry

Equal-arm interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the intrinsic phase stability of the laser injecting light into their arms. This is because the noise in the laser light is common to both arms, experiencing exactly the same delay, and thus cancels when it is differenced at the photo detector. In this situation, much lower level secondary noises then set overall performance. If, however, the two arms have different lengths (as will necessarily be the case with space-borne interferometers), the laser noise experiences different delays in the two arms and will hence not directly cancel at the detector. In order to solve this problem, a technique involving heterodyne interferometry with unequal arm lengths and independent phase-difference readouts has been proposed. It relies on properly time-shifting and linearly combining independent Doppler measurements, and for this reason it has been called Time-Delay Interferometry (or TDI). This article provides an overview of the theory and mathematical foundations of TDI as it will be implemented by the forthcoming space-based interferometers such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission. We have purposely left out from this first version of our ``Living Review'' article on TDI all the results of more practical and experimental nature, as well as all the aspects of TDI that the data analysts will need to account for when analyzing the LISA TDI data combinations. Our forthcoming ``second edition'' of this review paper will include these topics.Comment: 51 pages, 11 figures. To appear in: Living Reviews. Added conten

A goal-oriented method for FAIRification planning

The FAIR Principles provide guidance on how to improve the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability of digital resources. Since the publication of the principles in 2016, several workflows have been proposed to support the process of making data FAIR (FAIRification). However, to respect the uniqueness of different communities, both the principles and the available workflows have been deliberately designed to remain agnostic in terms of standards, tools, and related implementation choices. Consequently, FAIRification needs to be properly planned in advance, and implementation details must be discussed with stakeholders and aligned with FAIRification objectives. To support this, this paper describes a method for identifying and refining FAIRification objectives. Leveraging on best practices and techniques from requirements and ontology engineering, the method aims at incrementally elaborating the most obvious aspects of the domain (e.g. the initial set of elements to be collected) into complex and comprehensive objectives. The definition of clear objectives enables stakeholders to communicate effectively and make informed implementation decisions, such as defining achievement criteria for distinct principles and identifying relevant metadata to be collected.</p

Fatores associados ao uso do preservativo entre jovens homens que fazem sexo com homens

Introduction: The increase of HIV infections in Brazil among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), aged between 15 and 24 years, has the low condom use as one of the factors.This research aims to describe the factors that are associated or not to condom use among young MSM. Methodology: Descriptive study, of quantitative nature, using sample for convenience. The scenario was six LGBT nightclubs in the city of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil, selected through a gay nightclub guide. Participants are MSM in the age group between 18 and 24 years who reported having had sex with men. Data collection took place during October 2012. A total of 220 young people were interviewed with the aid of a data collection instrument. Data analysis was performed through the EpiInfo program. Results: Condom use is associated with disease prevention. The justifications for not using condom in oral sex, in the first and last sexual relation were discomfort, lack of experience/knowledge and confidence in the partner respectively. Conclusion: This study indicates that the interviewees are susceptible to HIV infection when they abandon or do not use the condom because of their lack of knowledge and/or experience. Guidance and clarification activities with informative material are relevant, considering the vulnerability of this group to STIs.Introducción: El aumento de las infecciones por el VIH en Brasil entre los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), en el grupo de edad de15-24 años de edad, tiene como uno de los factores la baja utilización del condón. Objetivo: Describir los factores que se asocian o no con el uso del condón entre los jóvenes HSH. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, con el uso de una muestra de conveniencia. El escenario fue seis discotecas dirigidas a un publico de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, travestis y transexuales, en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro - Brasil, seleccionados mediante un guía de discotecas gays. Los participantes fueran hombres que hacen sexo com hombres, con edades entre 18-24 años. La recolección de datos se realizó durante el mes de octubre de 2012. Hemos entrevistado a 220 jóvenes con la ayuda de un instrumento de recolección de datos. Se realizó el análisis utilizando el programa EpiInfo. Resultados: El uso del preservativo está asociado a la prevención de enfermedades. La falta del uso del condón en el sexo oral, en la primera y última relación sexual fue justificada por la incomodidad que causa, la falta de experiencia/conocimiento y confianza en el compañero, respectivamente. Conclusión: El estudio indica que los entrevistados son susceptibles a la infección por VIH cuando abandonan el uso de condones por su confianza en el compañero, la falta de conocimiento y/o experiencia. Orientación de las acciones y aclaraciones con materiales de información son relevantes, teniendo en cuenta la vulnerabilidad de este grupo a las infecciones de transmisión sexual.Introdução: O aumento das infecções pelo HIV no Brasil entre Homens que fazem Sexo com Homens, na faixa etária de 15 a 24 anos, tem como um dos fatores a baixa utilização do preservativo. Objetivo: Descrever os fatores que estão associados ou não a utilização do preservativo entre jovens HSH. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, com emprego de amostra por conveniência. O cenário foram seis boates direcionadas para o público de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais no Município do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil, selecionadas por meio de um guia de boates gay. Os participantes foram homens que fazem sexo com homens na faixa etária entre 18 a 24 anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu durante o mês de outubro de 2012. Foram entrevistados 220 jovens com auxílio de um instrumento de coleta de dados. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando o programa EpiInfo.  Resultados: O uso do preservativo está associado à prevenção de doenças. A falta de uso do preservativo no sexo oral, na primeira e última relação sexual, foi justificada pelo incômodo que causa, falta de experiência/conhecimento e a confiança no parceiro, respectivamente. Conclusão: O estudo sinaliza que os entrevistados apresentam suscetibilidade à infecção pelo HIV quando abandonam ou não utilizam o preservativo pela confiança no parceiro, falta de conhecimento e/ou experiência. Ações de orientação e esclarecimento com material informativo são relevantes, considerando a vulnerabilidade desse grupo às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis