Geological and geothermal investigations for HCMM-derived data

An attempt was made to match HCMM- and U2HCMR-derived temperature data over two test sites of very local size to similar data collected in the field at nearly the same times. Results indicate that HCMM investigations using resolutions cells of 500 m or so are best conducted with areally-extensive sites, rather than point observations. The excellent quality day-VIS imagery is particularly useful for lineament studies, as is the DELTA-T imagery. Attempts to register the ground observed temperatures (even for 0.5 sq mile targets) were unsuccessful due to excessive pixel-to-pixel noise on the HCMM data. Several computer models were explored and related to thermal parameter value changes with observed data. Unless quite complex models, with many parameters which can be observed (perhaps not even measured (perhaps not even measured) only under remote sensing conditions (e.g., roughness, wind shear, etc) are used, the model outputs do not match the observed data. Empirical relationship may be most readily studied

Geological and geothermal data use investigations for application Explorer mission-A (heat capacity mapping mission)

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Geological and geothermal data use investigations for application explorer mission-A, heat capacity mapping mission

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Frontal and Lateral Submarine Lobe Fringes: Comparing Sedimentary Facies, Architecture and Flow Processes

Submarine lobe fringe deposits form heterolithic successions that may include a high proportion of hybrid beds. The identification of lobe fringe successions aids interpretation of paleogeographic setting and the degree of basin confinement. Here, for the first time, the sedimentological and architectural differences between frontal and lateral lobe fringe deposits are investigated. Extensive outcrop and core data from Fan 4, Skoorsteenberg Formation, Karoo Basin, South Africa, allow the rates and style of facies changes from axis to fringe settings of lobes and lobe complexes in both down-dip (frontal) and across-strike (lateral) directions to be tightly constrained over a 800 km2 study area. Fan 4 comprises three sand-prone divisions that form compensationally stacked lobe complexes, separated by thick packages of thin-bedded siltstone and sandstone intercalated with (muddy) siltstone, interpreted as the fringes of lobe complexes. Lobe-fringe facies associations comprise: i) thick-bedded structureless or planar laminated sandstones that pinch and swell, and are associated with underlying debrites; ii) argillaceous and mudclast-rich hybrid beds; and iii) current ripple-laminated sandstones and siltstones. Typically, frontal fringes contain high proportions of hybrid beds and transition from thick-bedded sandstones over length-scales of 1 to 2 km. In contrast, lateral fringe deposits tend to comprise current ripple-laminated sandstones that transition to thick-bedded sandstones in the lobe axis over several kilometers. Variability of primary flow processes are interpreted to control the documented differences in facies association. Preferential deposition of hybrid beds in frontal fringe positions is related to the dominantly downstream momentum of the high-density core of the flow. In contrast, the ripple-laminated thin beds in lateral fringe positions are interpreted to be deposited by more dilute low-density (parts of the) flows. The development of recognition criteria to distinguish between frontal and lateral lobe fringe successions is critical to improving paleogeographic reconstructions of submarine fans at outcrop and in the subsurface, and will help to reduce uncertainty during hydrocarbon field appraisal and development

Physico-chemical considerations upon the cationic exchange into the soil

En este trabajo se encaran desde el punto de vista de la fenomenología de los equilibrios de adsorción-desorción los aspectos cuantitativos del intercambio catiónico en suelos a los que se considera integrados por, entre otros componentes fisicoquímicos, una porción activa desde el punto de vista de los equilibrios citados. Se estudian, usando ecuaciones generales y particulares para suelos, aspectos cuantitativos del intercambio, en especial aquellos en los que interviene el catión H+. En los razonamientos que se hacen para ello se utilizan dos gráficos originales en los que se pone de manifiesto las condiciones de los equilibrios estudiados y las relaciones entre las magnitudes definidas. El objeto principal de este trabajo, es el estudio de los métodos de determinación de las magnitudes del suelo vinculadas con el intercambio catiónico, analizándolos desde el punto de vista de la eficiencia con la que se determinan con ellos las magnitudes definidas, que se desean realizar.In this paper the quantitative features of cation exchange in soils are studied from viewpoint of the phenomenology of adsorption-desorption equilibria. The soils are considered as made up, among others physico-chemical components, of an active part in respect to the above mentioned equilibria. Through the use of general and particular equations for soils quantitative features of the exchange, particularly those in which the cation H participates, are studied. Two original graphs are used which evidence conditions of the equilibria studied and the relations between the quantities defined. The main objective of this paper is to study the methods for determination of soil properties related to cationic exchange. Their efficiency for the determination of the defined quantities is discussed.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Geological and geothermal data use investigations for application explorer mission-A, heat capacity mapping mission

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Basin floor-slope-shelf edge stratigraphy and architecture, Laingsburg Karoo basin, South Africa.

The Laingsburg depocentre of the SW Karoo basin, South Africa, preserves a well-exposed 1.3 km thick succession of late Permian siliciclastic deposits that record the early filling of a high latitude back arc to proto-foreland basin during an icehouse climate. Uniformly fine-grained sandstones were derived from far-field granitic sources, possibly Patagonia. The coeval staging and delivery systems (fluvial and shelf) are not preserved. The deepwater systems are overlain by mixed influence shelf edge deltas. Initial mud-prone basin floor turbidites of the Vischkuil Formation contain three regionally developed zones of soft sediment deformation related to emplacement of major debris-flows that mark the initiation of a major sand delivery system. The overlying 300 m thick sandy basin floor fan system (Fan A) and 150 m thick base-of-slope channel/ levee system (Unit B) are divisible into four composite sequences that show long term forward stepping, aggradation and backstepping stacking patterns, followed by basinwide pelagic mud deposition. The superjacent 800 m thick mud-dominated submarine slope succession is characterized by 60 – 120 m thick sand-prone to heterolithic packages that show abrupt lateral and down-dip changes in thickness and facies, which are separated by extensive 30 – 70 m thick mudstone packages. On the largest scale the slope stratigraphy is defined by two major cycles, each comprising three composite sequences of repeating architectural style. Each composite sequence comprises three sequences. The lower cycle comprises lithostratigraphic Units B/C, C and D while the upper cycle includes Units E/F, E and F. In each case a sandy basal sequence is dominated by intraslope lobe deposits (Units B/C and E/F). The second composite sequence in each cycle (Unit C and Unit E) is characterized by slope channel-levee complexes that feed lobes down dip. The uppermost composite sequence in each cycle (Units D and F) comprises deeply entrenched slope valley/canyon systems. Architectural style is similar at individual sequence scale in comparable positions in each major cycle, but along-strike changes in sequence expression as a function of shelf edge delivery system and variable substrate compaction complicate the resultant stratigraphy. Although complicated in detail, the deepwater succession shows a consistent hierarchical order, enabling prediction of temporal changes in architectural style within each composite sequence. This stratigraphic organisation is interpreted as due to high magnitude/high frequency glacial-eustatic sea level changes during a tectonically quiescent pre-foreland basin period

Calibration Guide from the First International Airborne Imaging Spectrometer Calibration Workshop

This Calibration Guide is an attempt tp produce answers to a complex problem, and to provide industry, spectrometer operators and scientists with a useful tool. The guide was produced by attendeed of the First Intern. Airborne Imaging Spectrometer Calibration workshop. they wrote, discussed and revised working drafts of the guide during the workshop. The report is organized to follow a logical sequence of calibration procedures. It starts with laboratory calibration followed by calibration verification before, during and after data acquisition.JRC.(IRSA)-Institute For Remote Sensing Application