México y Jalisco en la coyuntura : segundo semestre de 1998

Análisis de coyuntura sobre los principales sucesos del segundo semestre de 1998 en Jalisco y México. El caso del FOBAPROA, la seguridad pública, los derechos humanos, las elecciones efectuadas en el período y las estrategias de los partidos políticos en Jalisco son analizados por autores diversos. Se estudia también el caso de la industria electrónica en Guadalajara y la relación de los grupos de la sociedad civil con el gobierno.ITESO, A.C

México y Jalisco en la coyuntura : primer semestre de 1998

Análisis de coyuntura sobre los principales sucesos del primer semestre de 1997 en Jalisco, a nivel político, económico y social: la situación en el estado de los tres principales partidos políticos (PAN, PRI y PRD), la cuestión laboral, los derechos humanos y el problema de abastecimiento de agua en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara.ITESO, A.C

Eficacia de la ivermectina y del albendazol sulfóxido para el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovejas Pelibuey

A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin and albendazole sulfoxide for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes. Thirty Pelibuey ewes were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: Ivermectin 4% (10.2 mg/kg), albendazole sulfoxide 17% (3.75 mg/kg) and an untreated control group. Faecal samples were collected before drug administration (day 0) and on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 post-treatment. The quantitative diagnosis of the eggs was carried out using the McMaster technique and cultures were carried out to recover larvae by the migration method with the Baermann apparatus. The anthelmintic efficacy of the treatments was determined by the Abbott's formula and the effect of anthelmintics on the number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) by an analysis of variance with a completely randomized design. The most abundant species were Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus. A significant decrease in the amount of EPG was observed from day 7 of treatment with both anthelmintics, with albendazole sulfoxide and ivermectin showing efficacy above 95% from day 7 and 14 post-treatment, respectively, until day 21. At 24 h post-treatment, ivermectin showed lower efficacy than albendazole sulfoxide (69.5 vs 90.9% respectively), but efficacy was similar and above 90% for both drugs from day 7. The efficacy of lbendazole sulfoxide against Haemonchus contortus larvae was 88.2% at 24 h post-treatment compared to 69.5% for ivermectin, but only the latter showed an efficacy greater than 95% on days 14 and 21 post-administration. It is concluded that albendazole sulfoxide has a faster effect and a longer efficacy for the control of gastrointestinal nematode eggs, while ivermectin showed greater efficacy for the control of Haemonchus contortus larvae without evidence of resistance to both drugs.Se realizó un estudio para evaluar la eficacia de la ivermectina y del albendazol sulfóxido para el control de nematodos gastrointestinales. Treinta ovejas Pelibuey fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a tres grupos experimentales: ivermectina al 4% (10.2 mg/kg), albendazol sulfóxido al 17% (3.75 mg/kg) y un grupo control no tratado. Se recolectaron muestras fecales antes de la administración de los fármacos (día 0) y en los días 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 y 42 pos-tratamiento. Se realizó el diagnóstico cuantitativo de los huevos mediante la técnica de McMaster y se realizaron cultivos para recuperar larvas por el método de migración con el aparato de Baermann. La eficacia antihelmíntica de los tratamientos se determinó por medio de la fórmula de Abbott y el efecto de los antihelmínticos sobre la cantidad de huevos por gramos de heces (HPG) por medio de un análisis de varianza con un diseño completamente al azar. Las especies más abundantes fueron Haemonchus contortus y Strongyloides papillosus. Se observó una disminución significativa en la cantidad de HPGH a partir del día 7 del tratamiento con ambos fármacos, mostrando el albendazol sulfóxido y la ivermectina una eficacia por encima del 95% a partir del día 7 y 14 postratamiento, respectivamente, hasta el día 21. La eficacia del albendazol sulfóxido contra larvas de Haemonchus contortus fue de 88.2% a las 24 h pos-tratamiento en comparación con el 69.5% de la ivermectina, pero solo esta última mostró una eficacia superior al 95% los días 14 y 21 postadminstración. Se concluye que el albendazol sulfóxido tiene un efecto más rápido y una eficacia más prolongada para el control de huevos de nemátodos gastrointestinales, mientras que la ivermectina mostró una mayor eficacia para el control de larvas de Hamonchus contortus sin indicios de resistencia a ambos fármacos

Lo tangible e intangible del diseño

1 archivo PDF (366 páginas)"El Departamento de Evaluación del Diseño, en el Tiempo de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco, publica este libro colectivo, donde se aborda la discusión y el análisis sobre "Lo tangible e intangible del diseño". Este libro tiene como finalidad el profundizar en distintas posiciones teóricas, metodológicas y empíricas, donde un grupo interdisciplinario de profesores investigadores del Departamento de Evaluación, desde la arquitectura, los estudios urbanos, la educación, la historia, la semiótica, el diseño de la comunicación gráfica y el industrial; buscan convergencias y discuten divergencias que puedan generar servir como referentes intelectuales y teóricos, en el diseño. Este libro es resultado del Cuarto Coloquio Departamental: Lo tangible e Intangible del Diseño. Evaluación de Objetos, Espacios, Mensajes, realizado durante el mes de septiembre del año 2004, el cual se constituyó como un espacio para el intercambio de experiencias académicas y profesionales, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, centrada en la reflexión y la discusión sobre la manera de cómo se puede analizar, definir y evaluar, lo tangible y lo intangible en el diseño"

Publicidad en la revista Proa durante los años cincuenta. Estudio gráfico e inventariado

More than a half of the pages from any classic issue of Proa Magazine are dedicated to advertising. Although it is a vital content for Proa, it has been traditionally treated as secondary material. Through a graphic study and an inventory, this research provides data about which design technics were used for the elaboration of the adverts, which were its references, what kind of companies advertised and what commitment did they have with the Colombian architectural associations of that time. This study shows the importance of advertising in Proa as a primary source of documentation, and tests research tools that could be applied to the analysis of advertising in architecture magazines outside the Colombian context

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole

We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of M87, using observations from April 2017 at 1.3 mm wavelength. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of similar to 40 mu as, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed photon orbit encircling the "shadow" of a supermassive black hole. The ring is persistent across four observing nights and shows enhanced brightness in the south. To assess the reliability of these results, we implemented a two-stage imaging procedure. In the first stage, four teams, each blind to the others' work, produced images of M87 using both an established method (CLEAN) and a newer technique (regularized maximum likelihood). This stage allowed us to avoid shared human bias and to assess common features among independent reconstructions. In the second stage, we reconstructed synthetic data from a large survey of imaging parameters and then compared the results with the corresponding ground truth images. This stage allowed us to select parameters objectively to use when reconstructing images of M87. Across all tests in both stages, the ring diameter and asymmetry remained stable, insensitive to the choice of imaging technique. We describe the EHT imaging procedures, the primary image features in M87, and the dependence of these features on imaging assumptions

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole

We present measurements of the properties of the central radio source in M87 using Event Horizon Telescope data obtained during the 2017 campaign. We develop and fit geometric crescent models (asymmetric rings with interior brightness depressions) using two independent sampling algorithms that consider distinct representations of the visibility data. We show that the crescent family of models is statistically preferred over other comparably complex geometric models that we explore. We calibrate the geometric model parameters using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models of the emission region and estimate physical properties of the source. We further fit images generated from GRMHD models directly to the data. We compare the derived emission region and black hole parameters from these analyses with those recovered from reconstructed images. There is a remarkable consistency among all methods and data sets. We find that >50% of the total flux at arcsecond scales comes from near the horizon, and that the emission is dramatically suppressed interior to this region by a factor >10, providing direct evidence of the predicted shadow of a black hole. Across all methods, we measure a crescent diameter of 42 +/- 3 mu as and constrain its fractional width to b

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole

We present measurements of the properties of the central radio source in M87 using Event Horizon Telescope data obtained during the 2017 campaign. We develop and fit geometric crescent models (asymmetric rings with interior brightness depressions) using two independent sampling algorithms that consider distinct representations of the visibility data. We show that the crescent family of models is statistically preferred over other comparably complex geometric models that we explore. We calibrate the geometric model parameters using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models of the emission region and estimate physical properties of the source. We further fit images generated from GRMHD models directly to the data. We compare the derived emission region and black hole parameters from these analyses with those recovered from reconstructed images. There is a remarkable consistency among all methods and data sets. We find that >50% of the total flux at arcsecond scales comes from near the horizon, and that the emission is dramatically suppressed interior to this region by a factor >10, providing direct evidence of the predicted shadow of a black hole. Across all methods, we measure a crescent diameter of 42 +/- 3 mu as and constrain its fractional width to be <0.5. Associating the crescent feature with the emission surrounding the black hole shadow, we infer an angular gravitational radius of GM/Dc(2) = 3.8 +/- 0.4 mu as. Folding in a distance measurement of 16.8(-0.7)(+0.8) gives a black hole mass of M = 6.5. 0.2 vertical bar(stat) +/- 0.7 vertical bar(sys) x 10(9) M-circle dot. This measurement from lensed emission near the event horizon is consistent with the presence of a central Kerr black hole, as predicted by the general theory of relativity

A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A* in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set

In 2017 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (λ = 1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT data sets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars—which typically exhibit steep emission spectra—are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the fast folding algorithm, and single-pulse searches targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission. We use the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction (≲2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region.</p