Expression of γ-H2AX, 53BP1 and Micronuclei as Genome Damage Biomarker of Population in Keang and Salumati Village, Mamuju West Sulawesi Province

The residents living in high background radiation area have risk to be exposed by ionizing radiation that also potentially cause their DNA damage. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of γ-H2AX, 53BP1 foci and micronuclei in the residentswho live in high background radiation area of Salumati village, Mamuju, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Twenty one blood samples which consist of 11 from the study area and 10 from control were assessed for their expression of γ-H2AX and 53BPI foci by using specific antibodies and observed under fluorescence microscope whereas micronuclei was detected after being cultured and giemsa stainedaccording to standard procedures. Results showed that both γ-H2AX and 53BP1foci from high background area was lower than that of control area (0.37±0.24vs 0.19±0.11 (p=0.03) for γ-H2AX and 0.61±0.30vs 0.31±0.12 for 53BP1 (p=0.01)). The mean of micronuclei frequency in exposed area was 0.02 (0,01-0,03) while in control area was 0.02 (0.003-0.02). There was statistical significant in corellation between both γ-H2AX, 53BP1 foci with micronuclei index in exposed area (p=0.02, p=0,04 respectively).In conclusion,there was a positive correlation between γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci to micronuclei and this might be a clue of the occurrence of genome repairing mechanism caused by natural radiation at low dose chronical exposure in thestudied area

Determinants of Stunting Children (0-59 Months) in Some Countries in Southeast Asia

Background: Stunting is one of the main nutritional problems caused by malnutrition in children under 5 years old. Risk factors of stunting influenced by socio-economic, Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF), child ilnesses, Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH). These factors vary considerably accros the nation in southeast asia. Defines determinant is needed to identified the right intervention. Methodology: This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidenlines. Articles were searched by using pubMed database. The literature search outline in the methods indentified 14.790 articles discuss stunting. We identified 60 articles potentially met all criteria using PubMed advanced search strategy. A total of 60 articles were retrieved from one database (PubMed), 11 articles met the inclusion criteria for stunting in Southeast Asia countries. Result: In our review socio-economic status was reported as one of consistent factors associated with stunting in Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia. Low household income and lack education of mother influenced unappropriated IYCF practice, poor hygiene and sanitation and care of child illnesses. Conclusions: Improving socio-economic like income and maternal exposure to nutrition and health information especially for the topics of growth and development, appropriated IYCF, hygiene, sanitation, and child illnesses are requires continuous improvement in a specific strategy that involves many factors