Representing mass violence: conflicting responses to human rights violations in Darfurv by Joachim J. Savelsberg

The book Representing Mass Violence by Joachim J. Savelsberg, professor of sociology and law, about representations of violence in Rwanda, is a very thoughtfully conceptualised and written work. Though the theme of media analysis may sound limited, the way in which this research was planned, carried out and interpreted demonstrates a high level of theoretical and empirical craft. Savelsberg, along with his team, analysed 3387 news reports and conducted interviews. The outcome is this book, divided into 4 parts: Justice versus Impunity; Aid versus Justice: The Humanitarian field; Peace versus Justice: The Diplomatic Field; and Mediating Competing Representations: The Journalistic Field. Before the first part, the author gives a brief introduction to the research.He starts with a famous quote by W.I. Thomas, “If men define situations as real,they are real in their consequences”. This statement represents his guiding line in exploring the violence in Darfur in the first decade of the 21st century, which he does through perspectives of human rights, criminal law, humanitarianism, and diplomacy. The conflict was widely covered in the media but the coverage was influenced by various sources, which alone does not explain the variation in the representations of violence in Darfur. The author states that his main discovery is a response to the question ‘‘How do global actors, national contexts, and distinct fields interact to create at times conflicting social constructions of reality?’’. Among the important components of the research are discussions of the criminalization of human rights violations, the embeddedness of actors in competing fields (of criminal justice, diplomacy and humanitarian aid), the role of the media, interactions between global and national actors, and the consequence of knowledge on responses to violence

Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon : enquête de population 2006

2ème enquête triennale de population menée par la Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon. En complément des enquêtes périodiques de fréquentation (étude des publics fréquentant), il s\u27agit d\u27évaluer l\u27impact de la bibliothèque municipale auprès de la population globale de la ville de Lyon. Etude réalisée par des étudiants dans le cadre d\u27un master IUP Informatique décisionnelle et statistique. Méthodologie, questionnaire, rapport

Distinct Profiles of 50 kHz Vocalizations Differentiate Between Social Versus Non-social Reward Approach and Consumption

Social animals tend to possess an elaborate vocal communication repertoire, and rats are no exception. Rats utilize ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to communicate information about a wide range of socially relevant cues, as well as information regarding the valence of the behavior and/or surrounding environment. Both quantitative and qualitative acoustic properties of these USVs are thought to communicate context-specific information to conspecifics. Rat USVs have been broadly categorized into 22 and 50 kHz call categories, which can be further classified into subtypes based on their sonographic features. Recent research indicates that the 50 kHz calls and their various subtype profiles may be related to the processing of social and non-social rewards. However, only a handful of studies have investigated USV elicitation in the context of both social and non-social rewards. Here, we employ a novel behavioral paradigm, the social-sucrose preference test, that allowed us to measure rats’ vocal responses to both non-social (i.e., 2, 5, and 10% sucrose) and social reward (interact with a Juvenile rat), presented concurrently. We analyzed adult male Long-Evans rats’ vocal responses toward social and non-social rewards, with a specific focus on 50 kHz calls and their 14 subtypes. We demonstrate that rats’ preference and their vocal responses toward a social reward were both influenced by the concentration of the non-social reward in the maze. In other words, rats showed a trade-off between time spent with non-social or social stimuli along with increasing concentrations of sucrose, and also, we found a clear difference in the emission of flat and frequency-modulated calls in the social and non-social reward zones. Furthermore, we report that the proportion of individual subtypes of 50 kHz calls, as well as the total USV counts, showed variation across different types of rewards as well. Our findings provide a thorough overview of rat vocal responses toward non-social and social rewards and are a clear depiction of the variability in the rat vocalization repertoire, establishing the role of call subtypes as key players driving context-specific vocal responses of rats

Progress and prospects for event tourism research

This paper examines event tourism as a field of study and area of professional practice updating the previous review article published in 2008. In this substantially extended review, a deeper analysis of the field’s evolution and development is presented, charting the growth of the literature, focusing both chronologically and thematically. A framework for understanding and creating knowledge about events and tourism is presented, forming the basis which signposts established research themes and concepts and outlines future directions for research. In addition, the review article focuses on constraining and propelling forces, ontological advances, contributions from key journals, and emerging themes and issues. It also presents a roadmap for research activity in event tourism

Permanently online, permanently connected

Seit der Einführung des ersten iPhones im Jahr 2007 ist nicht nur der Trend zum Smartphone weltweit gestiegen, sondern auch das Gefühl sich immer und zu jeder Zeit verbinden zu müssen. Informationen, Unterhaltung und Kommunikation auf Knopfdruck – das verspricht das mobile Universalwerkzeug Smartphone. Als Wegbegleiter des Alltags wird dem Smartphone die Möglichkeit gegeben in alle Lebensbereiche einzudringen und somit aktiv als auch passiv auf den Menschen zu wirken. Es stellt sich die Frage, welche Folgewirkungen durch die permanente Nutzung des Smartphones entstehen und vor allem wie unser Gemütszustand dadurch beeinflusst wird. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es zu erforschen, welcher Zusammenhang zwischen der Smartphonenutzung und der Stimmung der Nutzer gegeben ist. Insofern soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, wie sehr das Smartphone auf die Stimmung der Menschen wirkt und wie Menschen dazu beitragen mittels Smartphone ihre Stimmung zu regulieren. In welchen Situationen kommt es zu positiven Stimmungen durch die Nutzung des Smartphones und in welchen treten negativen Stimmungen auf, die durch das Smartphone begründet werden? Als Grundlage für die Forschungsarbeit dienen Theorien und Ansätze der Mediennutzungsforschung, die gemeinsamen mit der Medienwirkungsforschung ihre Schnittstelle in der Medienpsychologie findet. Hierbei wird Bezug auf den aktuellen Forschungsstand der Mobilkommunikationsforschung aus medienpsychologischer Sicht genommen. Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Untersuchung in Form von drei Gruppendiskussionen geben junge Erwachsene Auskunft darüber, wie sich die Smartphonenutzung auf die eigene Stimmung auswirkt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Smartphone durchaus ein Faktor ist bzw. sein kann, der auf unterschiedliche Weise einen positiven oder negativen Einfluss auf die Stimmung nimmt bzw. herangezogen wird, um die Stimmung zu regulieren. Obwohl das Smartphone besonders als Unterhaltungsmedium dient, um Langeweile entgegen zu wirken und sich zu entspannen, wird es allerdings vor allem als Auslöser von Stress gesehen, der in Zusammenhang mit der ubiquitären Erreichbarkeit steht. Die Angst etwas zu verpassen (FOMO) zeichnet sich herbei ganz klar als primärer Grund für den Drang nach ständiger Erreichbarkeit hervor, so dass diese als ein Problem gesehen werden kann, durch welches ein mögliches Abhängigkeitsverhalten begünstigt wird

Protocol of a scoping review to organize and describe the different types of terminology programs used to describe adverse events in randomized controlled trials and observational studies

The choice of terminology to describe adverse events from drug treatments can vary depending on the type of medical terminology or dictionary used by investigators, thereby introducing bias in the interpretation of adverse events. To inform investigators about the prevalence of dictionaries that may facilitate adverse event terminology selection, we aim to perform a scoping review that would summarize the medical terminologies or dictionaries used to describe adverse events from randomized controlled trials and non-interventional observational studies from when the World Health Organization mandated the reporting of adverse events in 2004

Satisfaction with peer review

Perception of review quality by authors and handling editors may play a vital role in helping to keep the peer review process constructive. Comprehensive studies examining author and editor perception of reviews of manuscripts from different subject areas journals are lacking. We assessed satisfaction of corresponding authors and opinions of handling editors with the quality of first-round review reports and reviewer recommendations from 12 Elsevier journals across different subject areas