Long Island Sound: A Bibliography of Legal and Related Materials Bibliography

Whether your view is from the deck of a sailboat or the bridge of a garbage barge, Long Island Sound is in trouble. Stretching for 110 miles, locked between highly developed shorelines with some of the most intense land use in the world, and draining a 16,000 mile watershed that stretches to Canada, the Sound is downhill from eight million people. As a result, it receives enormous amounts of wastes and debris from our city streets, suburban lawns, farms, fields, factories, and sewage treatment plants. It is an unfortunate truism that everything we do upon the land the way we live, the way we farm, the way we work, travel, and amuse ourselves - is likely to have an impact on the water bodies that surround us. The Sound is no exception. Yet, in spite of the serious problems facing Long Island Sound, it survives. While in many respects its health is precarious, there is reason to hope that a corner has been turned toward recovery. In large part, this is true because so many organizations and individuals have taken to heart protection of the Sound. Witness the many ears zipping along the roadways of coastal Connecticut with license plates bearing the legend, Preserve the Sound. For a number of years, the Sound\u27s problems have been receiving serious attention from both federal and state officials, as evidenced by the establishment of the Long Island Sound Study Management Conference, a joint federal/state cooperative effort to identify and remedy the ills that have befallen the estuary. This effort pulls within its ambit not only state and federal officials, but also municipal leaders, industry representatives, scientists, academicians, and citizens from around the watershed with a shared goal of restoring and protecting this extraordinary natural and economic resource. Pace University School of Law has participated in these undertakings, establishing a Long Island Sound Project, and hosting a colloquium which brought together a small group of officials and activists from Long Island Sound and Chesapeake Bay to explore common problems and their potential solutions. This bibliography is an additional contribution toward restoring and preserving Long Island Sound

Petition for a Writ of Certiorari. Lawson v. FMR LLC, 134 S. Ct. 1158 (2014) (No. 12-3), 2012 U.S. S. Ct. Briefs LEXIS 2827

QUESTION PRESENTED Section 806 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1514A, forbids a publicly traded company, a mutual fund, or “any ... contractor [or] subcontractor ... of such company [to] ... discriminate against an employee in the terms and conditions of employment because of” certain protected activity. (Emphasis added). The First Circuit held that under section 1514A such contractors and subcontractors, if privately-held, may retaliate against their own employees, and are prohibited only from retaliating against employees of the public companies with which they work. The question presented is: Is an employee of a privately-held contractor or subcontractor of a public company protected from retaliation by section 1514A

CARES/Life Software for Designing More Reliable Ceramic Parts

Products made from advanced ceramics show great promise for revolutionizing aerospace and terrestrial propulsion, and power generation. However, ceramic components are difficult to design because brittle materials in general have widely varying strength values. The CAPES/Life software eases this task by providing a tool to optimize the design and manufacture of brittle material components using probabilistic reliability analysis techniques. Probabilistic component design involves predicting the probability of failure for a thermomechanically loaded component from specimen rupture data. Typically, these experiments are performed using many simple geometry flexural or tensile test specimens. A static, dynamic, or cyclic load is applied to each specimen until fracture. Statistical strength and SCG (fatigue) parameters are then determined from these data. Using these parameters and the results obtained from a finite element analysis, the time-dependent reliability for a complex component geometry and loading is then predicted. Appropriate design changes are made until an acceptable probability of failure has been reached

Effects of The Novel Endocannabinoid Uptake Inhibitor, LY2183240, on Fear-Potentiated Startle and Alcohol-Seeking Behaviors in Mice Selectively Bred for High Alcohol Preference

Rationale Alcohol-use disorders often occur together with anxiety disorders in humans which may be partly due to common inherited genetic factors. Evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of individuals with anxiety and/or alcohol-use disorders. Objectives The present study assessed the effects of a novel endocannabinoid uptake inhibitor, LY2183240, on anxiety- and alcohol-seeking behaviors in a unique animal model that may represent increased genetic risk to develop co-morbid anxiety and alcohol-use disorders in humans. Mice selectively bred for high alcohol preference (HAP) show greater fear-potentiated startle (FPS) than mice selectively bred for low alcohol preference (LAP). We examined the effects of LY2183240 on the expression of FPS in HAP and LAP mice and on alcohol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and limited-access alcohol drinking behavior in HAP mice. Results Repeated administration of LY2183240 (30 mg/kg) reduced the expression of FPS in HAP but not LAP mice when given prior to a second FPS test 48 hrs after fear conditioning. Both the 10 and 30 mg/kg doses of LY2183240 enhanced the expression of alcohol-induced CPP and this effect persisted in the absence of the drug. LY2183240 did not alter limited-access alcohol drinking behavior, unconditioned startle responding, or locomotor activity. Conclusions These findings suggest that ECS modulation influences both conditioned fear and conditioned alcohol reward behavior. LY2183240 may be an effective pharmacotherapy for individuals with anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, but may not be appropriate for individuals with co-morbid anxiety and alcohol-use disorders

Atg6 is required for multiple vesicle trafficking pathways and hematopoiesis in Drosophila

Atg6 (beclin 1 in mammals) is a core component of the Vps34 complex that is required for autophagy. Beclin 1 (Becn1) functions as a tumor suppressor, and Becn1(+/-) tumors in mice possess elevated cell stress and p62 levels, altered NF-kappaB signaling and genome instability. The tumor suppressor function of Becn1 has been attributed to its role in autophagy, and the potential functions of Atg6/Becn1 in other vesicle trafficking pathways for tumor development have not been considered. Here, we generate Atg6 mutant Drosophila and demonstrate that Atg6 is essential for autophagy, endocytosis and protein secretion. By contrast, the core autophagy gene Atg1 is required for autophagy and protein secretion, but it is not required for endocytosis. Unlike null mutants of other core autophagy genes, all Atg6 mutant animals possess blood cell masses. Atg6 mutants have enlarged lymph glands (the hematopoietic organ in Drosophila), possess elevated blood cell numbers, and the formation of melanotic blood cell masses in these mutants is not suppressed by mutations in either p62 or NFkappaB genes. Thus, like mammals, altered Atg6 function in flies causes hematopoietic abnormalities and lethality, and our data indicate that this is due to defects in multiple membrane trafficking processes