From compressibility to structural investigation of sodium dodecyl sulphate — Part 1: Powder and tablet physico-chemical characteristics

As a part of a study on detergent tablets, investigations were carried out to elucidate the compression behavior of a powdered surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), based on a comparison with the main component of the formulation, i.e. the chorine provider (DCCNa). The compacted SDS exhibited poor cohesion as well as delayed dissolution whatever the compression pressure. The microscopic observations and the mercury porosimetry measurements both demonstrated that a residual porosity existed in the tablets but the dissolution times were always long. A modification of SDS in contact with water, forming a structure like a gel, probably occurred, inducing the closing of the pores and thereby limiting the water intrusion into the tablets

From compressibility to structural investigation of sodium dodecyl sulphate — Part 2: A singular behavior under pressure

Investigations were carried out to elucidate the compression behavior of a powdered surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), based on a comparison with the main component of a detergent formulation, i.e. the chorine provider (DCCNa). The energetic analysis based on the compression cycles highlighted a lower compressibility of SDS compared with DCCNa, especially due to its worse packing ability, larger elasticity and bad cohesion ability. Also, it pointed out that the pycnometric density seemed to be overrun under pressure whereas a residual porosity had been evidenced in the expanded tablets. DSC/DTA analysis, Raman spectroscopy as well as powder X-ray diffraction refuted the hypothesis of a physico-chemical transformation of SDS under pressure. This was in accordance with the morphology of the SDS particles, quite unchanged after compression. The pycnometric density measurements have been improved; firstly, it allowed to properly express the compaction ratio of the ejected SDS tablets, and secondly, it led to conclude to a reversible intrinsic compressibility for pressures higher than 50 MPa, explained by the predominant elastic behavior of SDS

Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People

Importance: Sarcopenia and obesity are 2 global concerns associated with adverse health outcomes in older people. Evidence on the population-based prevalence of the combination of sarcopenia with obesity (sarcopenic obesity [SO]) and its association with mortality are still limited. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO and their association with all-cause mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants: This large-scale, population-based cohort study assessed participants from the Rotterdam Study from March 1, 2009, to June 1, 2014. Associations of sarcopenia and SO with all-cause mortality were studied using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards regression, and accelerated failure time models fitted for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was performed from January 1 to April 1, 2023. Exposures: The prevalence of sarcopenia and SO, measured based on handgrip strength and body composition (BC) (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) as recommended by current consensus criteria, with probable sarcopenia defined as having low handgrip strength and confirmed sarcopenia and SO defined as altered BC (high fat percentage and/or low appendicular skeletal muscle index) in addition to low handgrip strength. Main Outcome and Measure: The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, collected using linked mortality data from general practitioners and the central municipal records, until October 2022. Results: In the total population of 5888 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.5 [9.1] years; mean [SD] BMI, 27.5 [4.3]; 3343 [56.8%] female), 653 (11.1%; 95% CI, 10.3%-11.9%) had probable sarcopenia and 127 (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.8%-2.6%) had confirmed sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity with 1 altered component of BC was present in 295 participants (5.0%; 95% CI, 4.4%-5.6%) and with 2 altered components in 44 participants (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.6%-1.0%). An increased risk of all-cause mortality was observed in participants with probable sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.47) and confirmed sarcopenia (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.53-2.43). Participants with SO plus 1 altered component of BC (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.60-2.33]) or 2 altered components of BC (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.97-4.11) had a higher risk of mortality than those without SO. Similar results for SO were obtained for participants with a BMI of 27 or greater. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, sarcopenia and SO were found to be prevalent phenotypes in older people and were associated with all-cause mortality. Additional alterations of BC amplified this risk independently of age, sex, and BMI. The use of low muscle strength as a first step of both diagnoses may allow for early identification of individuals at risk for premature mortality.</p

Photoprotecteurs, des produits courants aux plus innovants (évaluation clinique)

Les expositions aux rayonnements solaires, et plus particulièrement aux rayonnements ultraviolets, sont à l'origine de réactions cutanées survenant à plus ou moins long terme. Les phénomènes précoces sont en général bienfaisants, tandis que les effets à long terme sont néfastes. Nous possédons une photoprotection naturelle (dite active) mais celle-ci s'avère insuffisante en cas d'expositions solaires excessives. Il est alors nécessaire d'avoir recours à la photoprotection artificielle (interne ou externe, dite passive). Les photoprotecteurs externes sont les produits les plus développés actuellement. Avant commercialisation, leur efficacité et leur bonne acceptabilité doivent être démontrées. La réglementation européenne prévoit des garanties d'innocuité et de bonne tolérance locale de ces produits. En vue de répondre à ces impératifs, un programme d'évaluation est établi pour chaque produit solaire : des tests photobiologiques, de tolérance, de biométrologie et d'acceptabilité sont réalisés. Ainsi, toutes les revendications figurant sur le conditionnement auront été validées par le service d'évaluation. La prise de conscience des effets biologiques liés plus particulièrement aux UVA a entraîné le développement de produits plus innovants, destinés à prévenir des effets délétères particuliers liés aux expositions aux UVA : la photoimmunosuppression, le vieillissement actinique et les photodermatoses, telles que l'urticaire solaire.LIMOGES-BU Médecine pharmacie (870852108) / SudocLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le reflux gastro-oesophagien du nourrisson (prise en charge et rôle du pharmacien)

LIMOGES-BU Médecine pharmacie (870852108) / SudocLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le nouvel engouement pour la cosmétologie bio (simple phénomène de mode ou réel progrés pour la sécurité des consommateurs ?)

Bien que ne répondant pas à la définition du médicament, les produits cosmétiques sont soumis à une réglementation stricte au niveau européen par la directive 76/768/CEE, régulièrement mise à jour depuis. Elle a été transposée en droit français dans le Code de la Santé Publique (article L 5131-1 à 11). Cette réglementation a été établie afin que les produits cosmétiques ne nuisent pas à la santé des consommateurs. Toujours dans un but de sécurité et sur le modèle de la pharmacovigilance concernant les médicaments, un système de cosmétovigilance a été créé au sein de l AFSSAPS (Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé). Ce système de cosmétovigilance, par le biais d une commission de cosmétologie, permet d émettre des avis sur tout ce qui concerne les produits cosmétiques et de recueillir les informations sur les effets indésirables signalés, facilitant ainsi les décisions de retrait de lots ou de produits prises par l AFSSAPS. Suite à une forte demande de la part de consommateurs et suivant le phénomène de mode des produits naturels , de plus en plus de laboratoires de cosmétiques se sont spécialisés dans la cosmétologie bio en revendiquant des produits plus surs pour les consommateurs. Plusieurs organismes indépendants ont créé des labels afin de certifier les produits cosmétiques bio. Ceux-ci doivent alors répondre à des critères bien précis détaillés dans un référentiel ou cahier des charges.LIMOGES-BU Médecine pharmacie (870852108) / SudocLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Pathologies ORL (médication officinale et conseils du pharmacien)

CLERMONT FD-BCIU-Santé (631132104) / SudocLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Sarcopenic obesity: major steps and promising outlooks

International audienceSarcopenic obesity (SO) is a new clinical phenotype of obesity attracting an increasing interest due to its health consequences in an aging population. It generates an increased risk of comorbidities and metabolic disturbances whose etiopathogenic mechanisms are multifactorial and not only linked to aging. It is characterized by the accumulation of fat and loss of muscle mass and function, indicative of potential malnutrition. Diagnostic advances are based on a recent consensus emphasizing the relevance of considering adiposity, strength and muscle mass with specific criteria depending on populations specificities. Its prevalence also varies, largely dependent on age and diseases. Its multifactorial pathophysiology illustrates that sarcopenia can increase adiposity, which can itself promote the development of muscle loss. In terms of management, multidisciplinary approaches combine modifications in dietary intake, targeted exercise and possible pharmacological interventions to prevent, slow or reverse the progression of SO, but randomized controlled trials remain rare in the field. In conclusion, SO is emerging as a critical health issue requiring better characterization and deepening of its development mechanisms. (c) 2023 Societe francophone nutrition clinique et metabolisme (SFNCM

synthetic strategies to 2'-hydroxy-4'-methylsulfonylacetophenone, a key compound for the preparation of flavonoid derivatives

International audienceDifferent strategies for the synthesis of 2′-hydroxy-4′- methylsulfonylacetophenone are reported in the present paper. This compound is considered as a key synthon for the synthesis of new flavonoid derivatives designed as potential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. The retrosynthetic approach via 3′-methylsulfonylacetophenone, which included three synthetic pathways, did not allow us to obtain the expected compound. However, a synthesis from 3-mercaptophenol led to the desired acetophenone in three steps: thiophenol methylation, Friedel-Crafts acetylation and oxidation of the sulphide to the corresponding sulfone. The desired compound, 2′-hydroxy-4′- methylsulfonylacetophenone, will be used as a synthon for the preparation of novel flavonoid derivatives, such as 2′-hydroxychalcones, flavanones, flavones, and flavonols

Characterization of porous textures in order to explain the influence of a surfactant on the end-use properties of detergent tablets

The functional characteristics (mechanical strength, disintegration and dissolution times) of effervescent detergent tablets containing chlorine provider were investigated according to the presence of a surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Tablets were compared for similar total porosity. The end-use property study highlighted that the presence of 2% of sodium dodecyl sulphate was not favorable to the tablet mechanical characteristics, inducing a lower ''bonding ability''. The linear relationship between the disintegration and dissolution times showed that the disintegration time was relevant to express the behavior of the tablets in water. The disintegration data showed two zones: when porosity was higher than 20%, the disintegration time was always lower than 2 min g-1 and similar for both formulas; for lower porosities, the disintegration time increased and was higher in the presence of the surfactant. In this second case, the released CO2 due to the reaction between adipic acid and sodium bicarbonate in water was slowed down in the presence of the surfactant, confirming the disintegration data. However, this negative effect of SDS on the disintegration time could not be linked to a difference of pore size distribution between the two formulas. So, despite the creation of weak interparticle bonds with the other compounds of the formula, the presence of SDS increased the disintegration by limiting the water uptake, independently of the porous texture. Moreover, no preferential localization of the surfactant at the surface of the tablet might be involved to explain the effect of SDS on the tablet accessibility by water