cAMP-PKA signal transduction specificity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Living cells have developed a set of complex signaling responses, which allow them to withstand different environmental challenges. Signaling pathways enable the cell to monitor external and internal states and to articulate the appropriate physiological responses. Cellular signal transmission requires the dynamic formation of spatiotemporal controlled molecular interactions. One of the most important signaling circuits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the one controlled by cAMP-Protein Kinase A (PKA). In budding yeast, extracellular glucose and a plethora of signals related with growth and stress conditions regulate the intracellular cAMP levels that modulate PKA activity which in turn regulates a broad range of cellular processes. The cAMP-PKA signaling output requires a controlled specificity of the PKA responses. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the establishment of the specificity in the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in S.cerevisiae.Fil: Portela, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Silvia Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

Ribosome diversity

El control de la traducción es un paso clave en la determinación de los niveles proteicos celulares. Los ribosomas han sido descriptos como complejos ribonúcleoproteicos homogéneos que sintetizan proteínas a partir de mRNA. Estudios recientes han demostrado que los ribosomas no son todos iguales. La composición de los ribosomas difiere no solo en las proteínas ribosomales sino también en las proteínas asociadas o accesorias según el compartimiento subcelular o tejido. Se ha demostrado que ciertas poblaciones de ribosomas heterogéneos traducen un grupo de mRNAs específicos, es decir que presentan una especialización de la función ribosomal. En este artículo, se describen los mecanismos que generan heterogeneidad ribosomal y qué funciones especializadas presentan en respuesta a estrés, especialmente haciendo foco en la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Por último, se discute una de las preguntas emergentes en la biología del ribosoma: ¿la heterogeneidad ribosomal implica especificidad?Control of translation is a key step to state cellular protein levels. Ribosomes have been described as homogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes that synthesize proteins from mRNA. Recent studies have shown that ribosomes are not all equal. The composition of ribosomes differs not only in ribosomal proteins but also in associated or accessory factor proteins according to the subcellular compartment or tissue. It has been shown that in some cases, heterogeneous population of ribosomes can exhibit functional specialization through the translation of particular subsets of mRNAs. In this article, we describe the mechanisms that produce ribosomal heterogeneity and their specialized functions in response to stress, specially focusing on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, one of the emerging question in ribosomal biology is discussed: does ribosomal heterogeneity imply specificity?Fil: Portela, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentin

Ribosome diversity

El control de la traducción es un paso clave en la determinación de los niveles proteicos celulares. Los ribosomas han sido descriptos como complejos ribonúcleoproteicos homogéneos que sintetizan proteínas a partir de mRNA. Estudios recientes han demostrado que los ribosomas no son todos iguales. La composición de los ribosomas difiere no solo en las proteínas ribosomales sino también en las proteínas asociadas o accesorias según el compartimiento subcelular o tejido. Se ha demostrado que ciertas poblaciones de ribosomas heterogéneos traducen un grupo de mRNAs específicos, es decir que presentan una especialización de la función ribosomal. En este artículo, se describen los mecanismos que generan heterogeneidad ribosomal y qué funciones especializadas presentan en respuesta a estrés, especialmente haciendo foco en la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Por último, se discute una de las preguntas emergentes en la biología del ribosoma: ¿la heterogeneidad ribosomal implica especificidad?Control of translation is a key step to state cellular protein levels. Ribosomes have been described as homogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes that synthesize proteins from mRNA. Recent studies have shown that ribosomes are not all equal. The composition of ribosomes differs not only in ribosomal proteins but also in associated or accessory factor proteins according to the subcellular compartment or tissue. It has been shown that in some cases, heterogeneous population of ribosomes can exhibit functional specialization through the translation of particular subsets of mRNAs. In this article, we describe the mechanisms that produce ribosomal heterogeneity and their specialized functions in response to stress, specially focusing on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, one of the emerging question in ribosomal biology is discussed: does ribosomal heterogeneity imply specificity?Fil: Portela, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentin

CONSTRUÇÃO DE MATERIAL DIDÁTICO SOBRE CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO: UM OLHAR PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS

PISA (2018) demonstrated that 55% of Brazilian students have a low performance in Science, highlighting the need to introduce new methodologies in order to reframe the teaching-learning of the discipline. It was then proposed to build a booklet on Biological Pest Control by students, a theme that starts from the reality of the subjects. The objective was to build knowledge from textual and illustrative production on the topic, considering the development of scientific literacy indicators: writing in science, creating, articulating ideas and problematizing. Were carried out: bibliographic survey; socialization; textual and illustrative production - in pairs; correction; textual and illustrative production (second version); organization and assembly of the booklet for further reading to the Didactic Book. The students demonstrated appropriation of knowledge from the productions, corroborating that writing and illustrative production practices are favorable in the Science discipline, which is intensified by the relationship between scientific knowledge and everyday knowledge.O PISA (2018) demonstrou que 55% dos estudantes brasileiros estão com um baixo rendimento em Ciências, evidenciando a necessidade de introduzir novas metodologias com vistas em ressignificar o ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina. Foi, então, proposta a construção de um livreto sobre o Controle Biológico de pragas pelos estudantes, temática que parte da realidade dos sujeitos.  O objetivo foi construir conhecimento a partir da produção textual e ilustrativa sobre o tema, considerando o desenvolvimento dos indicadores de Alfabetização Científica: escrever em ciências, criar, articular ideias e problematizar. Foram realizados: levantamento bibliográfico; socialização; produção textual e ilustrativa em dupla; correção; produção textual e ilustrativa (segunda versão); organização e montagem do livreto para leitura complementar ao Livro Didático. Os estudantes demonstraram apropriação do conhecimento a partir das produções, corroborando que práticas de escrita e produção ilustrativa são favoráveis na disciplina de Ciências, sendo isto intensificado pela relação do conhecimento científico com conhecimento cotidiano

Soares dos Reis’ plaster models: technical production and the challenge of the conservation and restoration

Soares dos Reis’ natural gifts for the fine arts and the knowledge obtained during his academic career provided him with the tools for teaching and executing his work, considering clay models as a transitional material and original plaster models. The Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis (MNSR) houses among other works of art a great number of original plaster models. Nowadays, they are a source of technical information due to the execution marks left on the support. In a work project delineate between MNSR and José de Figueiredo Laboratory (LJF), six plaster sculptures were selected, with problems of alteration, to start the intervention process of conservation and restoration of the body of work authored by the sculptor

Portuguese consensus on the best practice for the management of inflammatory bowel disease: IBD ahead 2010 meeting results

AbstractIntroductionThe treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has focussed on the management of symptoms but is becoming more resolute on changing the course of the disease and its complications in the long-term. In order to minimize the development of complications and to improve outcomes for these patients it is important to develop other strategies to manage IBD and to optimize current clinical practice.ObjectiveThis article reports the main consensus statements reached during the Portuguese National Meeting on improvement of disease control in IBD, on optimization of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive use in Crohn's disease and on best practice in topics of current interest in Crohn's disease.MethodsAn International Steering Committee selected the top 10 most important unanswered practical questions on the use of conventional therapy in Crohn's disease, to be debated and analysed in several National Meetings of different countries. In each country a National Steering Committee (NSC) was created to moderate a National Meeting during which several expert groups answered the selected questions in light of their clinical practice. Answers were classified according to the Oxford levels of evidence.ConsensusA general consensus was obtained, some of the conclusions were as follows. It is important to introduce conventional corticosteroids in moderate to severely active Crohn's disease of any localization with initial duration of treatment varying according to patient's response; the best option to prevent steroid-induced side effects is to avoid its prolonged or repetitive use and switching appropriate patients to immunosuppressive therapy. Initiation of immunomodulators early in the disease course should be considered for patients with a poor prognosis and optimal safety monitoring was discussed, with the need to reassess patients at appropriate timepoints, make corticosteroid-free remission a goal and treat beyond symptoms

Pluralismo, heterodoxia e ortodoxia monetária : o caso das coalizões de defesa no Banco Central do Brasil

Orientador: Dr. Marco Antonio Ribas CavalierCoorientador: Dr. Eduardo AngeliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política. Defesa : Curitiba, 06/03/2023Inclui referênciasResumo: Este trabalho tem como tema a relação entre comunidades epistêmicas econômicas, classificadas como heterodoxas e ortodoxas, e a existência de disputa no recrutamento de agentes governamentais como ferramenta para influenciar a implementação de políticas públicas. O objetivo geral é analisar as trajetórias educacionais dos ocupantes das diretorias do Banco Central do Brasil (1985 - 2022) em comparação com o perfil da elite acadêmica econômica - docentes de instituições filiadas à Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia (ANPEC) - a fim de verificar a existência de diferentes grupos de pressão no subsistema de política monetária. Influenciados pelo prisma teórico do Modelo de Coalizões de Defesa, realizaremos uma revisão de literatura recente e identificaremos a participação de um conjunto de atores que buscam moldar outputs e outcomes das políticas macroeconômicas. Em segundo plano, abordaremos os conceitos de heterodoxia, ortodoxia e mainstream, para ilustrar como percepções das variáveis econômicas podem divergir conforme a narrativa ideológica dos diferentes tipos de agentes. Nosso argumento baseia-se nas diferenças ideacionais dos agentes dentro das instituições. Moldados por históricos profissionais e motivados por diversos incentivos, os banqueiros centrais com diferentes trajetórias escolhem políticas monetárias diferentes - fato que mina a crença tecnocrática do Banco Central, ou o "Mito da Neutralidade". Ao lançar mão de uma ferramenta conhecida pela Ciência Política, diante dos caminhos teóricos apresentados por estudos anteriores, partiremos de uma análise prosopográfica específica ao identificar o perfil da elite econômica acadêmica, bem como o grau de pluralismo apresentado dentro das principais instituições de ensino do país em comparação com a hegemonia ortodoxa nas cadeiras que decidem de fato a política monetária brasileira. Nossos objetivos específicos são: a) classificar - através do background educacional, capital associativo e publicações realizadas - os docentes que ministram temas macroeconômicos dentro das instituições de ensino vinculadas à ANPEC; b) classificar - através do background educacional - os diretores do BACEN; c) calcular o nível de pluralismo econômico dentro destas instituições; d) comparar se há divergências entre o pluralismo apresentado na academia e no Banco Central; e) evidenciar o background educacional como um rastro empírico importante na busca por vinculação ideacional. Nossa hipótese de pesquisa é que possa haver um maior pluralismo de ideias no ambiente acadêmico do que o representado na instituição que define a política monetária do país. Pretendemos responder a seguinte pergunta: É possível observar a existência de coalizões de defesa ortodoxa no recrutamento dos diretores do Banco Central do Brasil? Palavras-chave: Ortodoxia econômica; Heterodoxia monetária; ANPEC; Coalizões de Defesa; Banco Central;Abstract: The theme of this work is the relationship between economic epistemic communities, classified as heterodox and orthodoxy, and the existence of disputes in the recruitment of government agents as a tool to influence the implementation of public policies. The general objective is to analyze the educational trajectories of the Central Bank of Brazil's directors (1985-2022) in comparison with the economic academic elite's profile - professors at member institutions of the National Association of Postgraduate Centers in Economics (ANPEC) - for the purpose of verifying the existence of different pressure groups in the monetary policy subsystem. Under the theoretical prism of Advocacy Coalition Framework, we will seek to carry out a recent literature review and identify the participation of a set of actors that seek to shape macroeconomic outputs and outcomes polices. In the background, we will address the concepts of heterodoxy, orthodoxy and mainstream, to illustrate how perceptions of economic variables can differ according to the ideological narrative of different agents type. Our argument is based on ideational differences of agents within institutions. Shaped by professional backgrounds and motivated by different incentives, central bankers with different backgrounds choose different monetary policies - a fact that undermines the technocratic belief of the Central Bank, or the "Myth of Neutrality". By making use of a tool known by Political Science, in view of the theoretical paths presented by previous studies, we will start from a specific prosopographic analysis by identifying the profile of the academic economic elite, as well as the degree of pluralism presented within the main educational institutions of the country in comparison with the orthodoxy hegemony in the chairs that actually decide Brazilian monetary policy. Our specific objectives are: a) to classify - through educational background, associative capital and published publications - the professors who teach macroeconomic themes within educational institutions members of ANPEC; b) classify - through educational background - BACEN directors; c) calculate the level of economic pluralism within these institutions; d) compare if there are divergences between the pluralism presented in the academy and in the Central Bank; e) highlight the educational background as an important empirical trace in the search for ideational linkage. Our research hypothesis is that there is a greater pluralism of ideas within the academic area than that represented in the institution that defines the country's monetary policy. We intend to answer the following question: Is it possible to observe the existence of orthodoxy defense coalitions in the recruitment of Central Bank of Brazil directors

PARA ENTRAR NA CASA DE MIA COUTO EM UM RIO CHAMADO TEMPO, UMA CASA CHAMADA TERRA.

IN THE NOVEL UM RIO CHAMADO TEMPO, UMA CASA CHAMADA TERRA, MIA COUTO INVITES US TO JOIN HIS WORLD BY REVEALING A MYTHICAL SPACE, WHICH IS DENSELY INHABITED BY THE CREATIONS OF HIS POETICAL PROSE. TRADITION AND MODERNITY ARE TWO POLES THAT CONVERGE TO A COMMON CENTER: NYUMBAKAYA, A HOUSE THAT PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN THE NOVEL. BY ANALYZING THE PERSONIFICATION OF THIS HOUSE, ONE SEES THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF AFRICAN CULTURE: THE LAND, THE WOMAN, THE NATION.MIA COUTO NOS CONVIDA PARA ENTRAR EM SEUS DOMÍNIOS ATRAVÉS DO ROMANCE UM RIO CHAMADO TEMPO, UMA CASA CHAMADA TERRA, COM A PROPOSTA DE NOS REVELAR UM ESPAÇO MÍTICO, INTENSAMENTE POVOADO PELAS CRIAÇÕES DE SUA PECULIAR PROSA POÉTICA. O RESGATE DAS TRADIÇÕES E A APROPRIAÇÃO DA MODERNIDADE ERGUEM-SE COMO DOIS PÓLOS ATRAÍDOS POR UM MESMO CENTRO: NYUMBAKAYA. UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A PERSONIFICAÇÃO DESTA CASA, CENTRAL AO ROMANCE, ELUCIDA AS FORÇAS PRESENTES EM ELEMENTOS QUE COMPÕEM A ESSÊNCIA AFRICANA: A TERRA, A MULHER, A PÁTRIA

Aprendiendo del trabajo de la tierra : desafíos en la implementación del proyecto educativo intercultural, Kankawarwa, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta

Esta investigación, desde una perspectiva etnográfica, reflexiona sobre la implementación del proyecto educativo intercultural de la Institución Educativa Indígena y Pluricultural Kankawarwa (IEIPK), de la comunidad iku en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Se concentra en los desafíos de la articulación de los conocimientos escolares y los conocimientos propios del pueblo iku referentes al trabajo agrícola en el proyecto educativo intercultural.IkuEsta investigación, desde una perspectiva etnográfica, reflexiona sobre la implementación del proyecto educativo intercultural de la Institución Educativa Indígena y Pluricultural Kankawarwa (IEIPK), de la comunidad iku en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Se concentra en los desafíos de la articulación de los conocimientos escolares y los conocimientos propios del pueblo iku referentes al trabajo agrícola en el proyecto educativo intercultural.Antropólogo (a)Pregrad

Assessment of the energy cooperative service: the case of electricity distribution cooperatives in Brazil

The creation of energy cooperatives has been frequently justified by the need to supply energy to remote regions which were not economically attractive to large companies. These cooperatives emerge in different energy sectors, including generation and distribution and more recently with a focuses on renewable energy. Brazil followed also this cooperative approach for the electricity distribution sector which could be easily justified by the dimension of the country and population dispersion. The interest of the cooperative models has been challenged recently based on the argued lower performance comparatively to larger companies. This paper proposes a framework for the assessment of the cooperative customer's satisfaction which was applied to the case of five electricity distribution cooperatives located in Northeast of Brazil. The case demonstrated the suitability of the proposed framework to deal with the required specificities of the target population and showed the higher performance of the cooperative for several criteria and in particular to aspects related to consumers' relationship.- This work has been supported by FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019