Microbiota cultivable fecal, crecimiento y parámetros clínicos de terneros suplementados con bacterias ácido lácticas y lactosa previo y durante una infección experimental con Salmonella Dublin DSPV 595T

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic inoculum + lactose effect on weight, intestinal culturable microbiota, morbidity and mortality of young calves challenged with Salmonella Dublin DSPV 595T. Twenty eight calves were used, divided in control group (CG) and probiotic group (PG). The PG was provided with 100 g lactose.calf-1.d-1 and 1010 CFU.calf-1.d-1 of each strain of a probiotic inoculum composed of Lactobacillus casei DSPV 318T, Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 315T and Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV 006T throughout the experiment. The pathogen was administered on day 11 of the experiment, at an oral dose of 109 CFU.calf-1. Lactobacillus and yeast populations were modified in PG because of inoculum + lactose administration. Severity of diarrhea was lower in PG. No differences were found on the rest of clinical sings, live weight and mortality between the two groups analyzed. In our study, the periodic administration of a probiotic inoculum of bovine origin and lactose, favoured the establishment of a more stable and balanced intestinal culturable microbiota, even during an infection with Salmonella. The generated model of acute infection gave opportunity to the probiotic to exert its beneficial effect on severity of diarrhea. However, for future studies use of lower doses of S. Dublin DSPV 595T are recommended, to generate less severe model for evaluate if the inoculum is able to exert a differential response in the clinical symptoms of young calves.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del inóculo probiótico + lactosa sobre el peso, la microbiota intestinal, la morbilidad y la mortalidad de terneros jóvenes desafiados con Salmonella Dublin DSPV 595T. Se utilizaron 24 terneros divididos en un grupo control (GC) y un grupo probiótico (GP). Al GP se le administró 100 g lactosa.ternero–1.d–1 y 1010 UFC.ternero-1.d–1 de cada cepa de un inóculo probiótico compuesto por Lactobacillus casei DSPV318T, Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV315T y Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV006T a lo largo de todo el experimento. El patógeno fue administrado el día 11 del experimento, en una dosis oral de 109 UFC.animal–1. Las poblaciones de Lactobacillus y levaduras fueron modificadas en el GP a causa de la administración del inóculo + lactosa. La severidad de la diarrea fue menor en el GP. No se encontraron diferencias en el resto de los signos clínicos, el peso vivo y la mortalidad entre los dos grupos analizados. En este estudio, la administración periódica de un inóculo probiótico de origen bovino y lactosa, favoreció el establecimiento de una microbiota intestinal más estable y balanceada, aun durante una infección con Salmonella. El modelo de infección aguda le dio la oportunidad al probiótico de ejercer su efecto benéfico sobre la severidad de la diarrea. Sin embargo, para futuros estudios se recomienda el uso de dosis menores de S. Dublin DSPV 595T, para generar un modelo menos severo para evaluar si el inóculo es capaz de ejercer una respuesta diferente en los signos clínicos de terneros jóvenes.Fil: Soto, Lorena Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Frizzo, Laureano Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Zbrun, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Lavari, Luisina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Bertozzi, E.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Sequeira, G. J.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Rosmini, M.R.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Pharmacological Inhibition of FAK-Pyk2 Pathway Protects Against Organ Damage and Prolongs the Survival of Septic Mice

Sepsis and septic shock are associated with high mortality and are considered one of the major public health concerns. The onset of sepsis is known as a hyper-inflammatory state that contributes to organ failure and mortality. Recent findings suggest a potential role of two non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, namely Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), in the inflammation associated with endometriosis, cancer, atherosclerosis and asthma. Here we investigate the role of FAK-Pyk2 in the pathogenesis of sepsis and the potential beneficial effects of the pharmacological modulation of this pathway by administering the potent reversible dual inhibitor of FAK and Pyk2, PF562271 (PF271) in a murine model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Five-month-old male C57BL/6 mice underwent CLP or Sham surgery and one hour after the surgical procedure, mice were randomly assigned to receive PF271 (25 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle. Twenty-four hours after surgery, organs and plasma were collected for analyses. In another group of mice, survival rate was assessed every 12 h over the subsequent 5 days. Experimental sepsis led to a systemic cytokine storm resulting in the formation of excessive amounts of both pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-6) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The systemic inflammatory response was accompanied by high plasma levels of ALT, AST (liver injury), creatinine, (renal dysfunction) and lactate, as well as a high, clinical severity score. All parameters were attenuated following PF271 administration. Experimental sepsis induced an overactivation of FAK and Pyk2 in liver and kidney, which was associated to p38 MAPK activation, leading to increased expression/activation of several pro-inflammatory markers, including the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and the enzyme NOS-2 and myeloperoxidase. Treatment with PF271 inhibited FAK-Pyk2 activation, thus blunting the inflammatory abnormalities orchestrated by sepsis. Finally, PF271 significantly prolonged the survival of mice subjected to CLP-sepsis. Taken together, our data show for the first time that the FAK-Pyk2 pathway contributes to sepsis-induced inflammation and organ injury/dysfunction and that the pharmacological modulation of this pathway may represents a new strategy for the treatment of sepsis

Factores asociados al uso, disposición y eliminación de elementos de protección personal y otros insumos de la clínica veterinaria de grandes animales

Se efectuó un estudio transversal en 330 Médicos Veterinarios de grandes animales en la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina para estimar: a) frecuencia de uso y disposición final de elementos de protección personal e insumos para la práctica clínica, b) asociaciones con características sociodemográficas de los entrevistados. El análisis de los datos incluyó: χ2, t de Student, test exacto de Fisher y correlación de Pearson. El 30,8% había sido diagnosticado con zoonosis (brucelosis 27,2%). El descarte de los guantes a campo fue la forma de disposición más frecuente. Uno de cada cinco profesionales los eliminaba junto a la basura domiciliaria y cuatro de cada 10 hacía lo propio con las agujas descartables. El género y la edad de los profesionales estuvieron significativamente asociados con la utilización, disposición y eliminación de los insumos veterinarios luego de diversas prácticas profesionales.Fil: Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Molineri, Ana Inés. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Melendez Orantes, Carlos E.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Tarabla, Hector Dante. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

ICOS-Fc as innovative immunomodulatory approach to counteract inflammation and organ injury in sepsis

Inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS), an immune checkpoint protein expressed on activated T cells and its unique ligand, ICOSL, which is expressed on antigen-presenting cells and non-hematopoietic cells, have been extensively investigated in the immune response. Recent findings showed that a soluble recombinant form of ICOS (ICOS-Fc) can act as an innovative immunomodulatory drug as both antagonist of ICOS and agonist of ICOSL, modulating cytokine release and cell migration to inflamed tissues. Although the ICOS-ICOSL pathway has been poorly investigated in the septic context, a few studies have reported that septic patients have reduced ICOS expression in whole blood and increased serum levels of osteopontin (OPN), that is another ligand of ICOSL. Thus, we investigated the pathological role of the ICOS-ICOSL axis in the context of sepsis and the potential protective effects of its immunomodulation by administering ICOS-Fc in a murine model of sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in five-month-old male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6, ICOS(-/-), ICOSL(-/-) and OPN(-/-) mice. One hour after the surgical procedure, either CLP or Sham (control) mice were randomly assigned to receive once ICOS-Fc, (F119S)ICOS-Fc, a mutated form uncapable to bind ICOSL, or vehicle intravenously. Organs and plasma were collected 24 h after surgery for analyses. When compared to Sham mice, WT mice that underwent CLP developed within 24 h a higher clinical severity score, a reduced body temperature, an increase in plasma cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10), liver injury (AST and ALT) and kidney (creatinine and urea) dysfunction. Administration of ICOS-Fc to WT CLP mice reduced all of these abnormalities caused by sepsis. Similar beneficial effects were not seen in CLP-mice treated with (F119S)ICOS-Fc. Treatment of CLP-mice with ICOS-Fc also attenuated the sepsis-induced local activation of FAK, P38 MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasome. ICOS-Fc seemed to act at both sides of the ICOS-ICOSL interaction, as the protective effect was lost in septic knockout mice for the ICOS or ICOSL genes, whereas it was maintained in OPN knockout mice. Collectively, our data show the beneficial effects of pharmacological modulation of the ICOS-ICOSL pathway in counteracting the sepsis-induced inflammation and organ dysfunction

Faecal culturable microbiota, growth and clinical parameters of calves supplemented with lactic acid bacteria and lactose prior and during experimental infection with Salmonella Dublin DSPV 595T

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic inoculum + lactose effect on weight, intestinal culturable microbiota, morbidity and mortality of young calves challenged with Salmonella Dublin DSPV 595T. Twenty eight calves were used, divided in control group (CG) and probiotic group (PG). The PG was provided with 100 g lactose.calf -1 .d -1 and 10 10 CFU.calf -1 .d -1 of each strain of a probiotic inoculum composed of Lactobacillus casei DSPV 318T, Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 315T and Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV 006T throughout the experiment. The pathogen was administered on day 11 of the experiment, at an oral dose of 10 9 CFU.calf -1 . Lactobacillus and yeast populations were modified in PG because of inoculum + lactose administration. Severity of diarrhea was lower in PG. No differences were found on the rest of clinical sings, live weight and mortality between the two groups analysed. The periodic administration of a probiotic inoculum of bovine origin and lactose, favoured the establishment of a more stable and balanced intestinal culturable microbiota, even during an infection with Salmonella . The generated model of acute infection gave opportunity to the probiotic to exert its beneficial effect on severity of diarrhea. However, the use of lower doses of S. Dublin DSPV 595T are recommended for future studies, to generate less severe model in order to evaluate if the inoculum is able to exert a differential response in the clinical symptoms of young calves.Fil: Soto, L. P. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Frizzo, Laureano S. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Zbrun, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Lavari, Luisana. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Bertozzi, E. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Sequeira, Gabriel Jorge. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Rosmini, Marcelo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin

Faecal culturable microbiota, growth and clinical parameters of calves supplemented with lactic acid bacteria and lactose prior and during experimental infection with Salmonella Dublin DSPV 595T

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del inóculo probiótico + lactosa sobre el peso, la microbiota intestinal, la morbilidad y la mortalidad de terneros jóvenes desafiados con Salmonella Dublin DSPV 595T. Se utilizaron 24 terneros divididos en un grupo control (GC) y un grupo probiótico (GP). Al GP se le administró 100 g lactosa.ternero–1.d–1 y 1010 UFC.ternero-1.d–1 de cada cepa de un inóculo probiótico compuesto por Lactobacillus casei DSPV318T, Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV315T y Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV006T a lo largo de todo el experimento. El patógeno fue administrado el día 11 del experimento, en una dosis oral de 109 UFC.animal–1. Las poblaciones de Lactobacillus y levaduras fueron modificadas en el GP a causa de la administración del inóculo + lactosa. La severidad de la diarrea fue menor en el GP. No se encontraron diferencias en el resto de los signos clínicos, el peso vivo y la mortalidad entre los dos grupos analizados. En este estudio, la administración periódica de un inóculo probiótico de origen bovino y lactosa, favoreció el establecimiento de una microbiota intestinal más estable y balanceada, aun durante una infección con Salmonella. El modelo de infección aguda le dio la oportunidad al probiótico de ejercer su efecto benéfico sobre la severidad de la diarrea. Sin embargo, para futuros estudios se recomienda el uso de dosis menores de S. Dublin DSPV 595T, para generar un modelo menos severo para evaluar si el inóculo es capaz de ejercer una respuesta diferente en los signos clínicos de terneros jóvenes.Fil: Soto, L.P. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Frizzo, Laureano S. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA; ArgentinaFil: Zbrun, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; AFil: Lavari, Luisana. Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Bertozzi, E. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de CiencFil: Sequeira, Gabriel Jorge. Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Rosmini, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

Pharmacological Inhibition of FAK-Pyk2 Pathway Protects Against Organ Damage and Prolongs the Survival of Septic Mice

Sepsis and septic shock are associated with high mortality and are considered one of the major public health concerns. The onset of sepsis is known as a hyper-inflammatory state that contributes to organ failure and mortality. Recent findings suggest a potential role of two non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, namely Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), in the inflammation associated with endometriosis, cancer, atherosclerosis and asthma. Here we investigate the role of FAK-Pyk2 in the pathogenesis of sepsis and the potential beneficial effects of the pharmacological modulation of this pathway by administering the potent reversible dual inhibitor of FAK and Pyk2, PF562271 (PF271) in a murine model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Five-month-old male C57BL/6 mice underwent CLP or Sham surgery and one hour after the surgical procedure, mice were randomly assigned to receive PF271 (25 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle. Twenty-four hours after surgery, organs and plasma were collected for analyses. In another group of mice, survival rate was assessed every 12 h over the subsequent 5 days. Experimental sepsis led to a systemic cytokine storm resulting in the formation of excessive amounts of both pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-6) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The systemic inflammatory response was accompanied by high plasma levels of ALT, AST (liver injury), creatinine, (renal dysfunction) and lactate, as well as a high, clinical severity score. All parameters were attenuated following PF271 administration. Experimental sepsis induced an overactivation of FAK and Pyk2 in liver and kidney, which was associated to p38 MAPK activation, leading to increased expression/activation of several pro-inflammatory markers, including the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and the enzyme NOS-2 and myeloperoxidase. Treatment with PF271 inhibited FAK-Pyk2 activation, thus blunting the inflammatory abnormalities orchestrated by sepsis. Finally, PF271 significantly prolonged the survival of mice subjected to CLP-sepsis. Taken together, our data show for the first time that the FAK-Pyk2 pathway contributes to sepsis-induced inflammation and organ injury/dysfunction and that the pharmacological modulation of this pathway may represents a new strategy for the treatment of sepsis

Risk factors associated with the abundance of Nosema spp. in apiaries located in temperate and subtropical conditions after honey harvest

Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are obligate parasites that develop within the honey bee gut reducing the life of theirhost. The role that they have in colony losses is not clear, and it remains to be elucidated how the geographical andseasonal variations influence pathogenicity of nosema. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated withthe abundance of Nosema spp. spores in apiaries located in temperate and subtropical regions after honey harvest. Atotal of 361 colonies distributed in five eco-regions of Argentina were examined to evaluate the abundance of Nosemaspp. spores. Regions differed with regard to temperature, precipitation, and vegetation landscape. The abundance ofNosema spp. spores was significantly higher in temperate than in subtropical regions. A south-north gradient of Nosemaspp. spore abundance was found, with the highest spore counts observed in South Santa Fe, continuously descendingtowards the northern regions of higher temperature. The observed gradient may be related to weather conditionsand/or availability of floral resources in each eco-region. Also, colonies with >3% of Varroa destructor infestation showedthe highest abundance of Nosema spp. spores. N. ceranae, N. apis, and co-infection were identified in 37.77, 26.66, and35.55% of the studied colonies, respectively.Fil: Pacini, Adriana Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Giacobino, Agostina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Molineri, Ana Inés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Bulacio Cagnolo, Natalia Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Aignasse, Andrea María E. Ministerio de la Producción de la Provincia de Formosa; ArgentinaFil: Zago, Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Chaco-formosa; ArgentinaFil: Mira, Anabela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Izaguirre, Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Merke, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Orellano, Emanuel Matías. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Bertozzi, Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; ArgentinaFil: Pietronave, Hernán Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentin