Induction of Ordinal Decision Trees

This paper focuses on the problem of monotone decision trees from the point of view of the multicriteria decision aid methodology (MCDA). By taking into account the preferences of the decision maker, an attempt is made to bring closer similar research within machine learning and MCDA. The paper addresses the question how to label the leaves of a tree in a way that guarantees the monotonicity of the resulting tree. Two approaches are proposed for that purpose - dynamic and static labeling which are also compared experimentally. The paper further considers the problem of splitting criteria in the con- text of monotone decision trees. Two criteria from the literature are com- pared experimentally - the entropy criterion and the number of con criterion - in an attempt to find out which one fits better the specifics of the monotone problems and which one better handles monotonicity noise.monotone decision trees;noise;multicriteria decision aid;multicriteria sorting;ordinal classication

Novel chemical and toxicological studies on textile industry waste streams clean up

The textile industry is a major water consumer and producer of effluent waste water. A comprehensive review of the literature shows an urgent need to improve the treatment of dyeing and finishing plant effluent. To destroy dyes and purify dye house effluents modem photochemical oxidation methods, such as the UV /hydrogen peroxide process, provide an effective treatment technology. Organic contaminants can be completely mineralised by this method but it is relatively expensive. Photochemical oxidation with subsequent microbiological treatment appears an attractive and cost effective approach in textile waste water treatment. This research studied the feasibility of combining UV /hydrogen peroxide photochemical oxidation with microbiological treatment to destroy organic dyes and to decolourize waste water. Experiments on the decolourization of a number of mono- and disazo dyes by UV/oxygen and hydrogen peroxide as a function of initial concentration of dyes, dissolved oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, alkalinity and temperature of solutions were carried out. UV /hydrogen peroxide photochemical treatment was shown to rapidly decolourize and decompose organic azo dyes. Increase in oxidant concentration to give a molar ratio between hydrogen peroxide and dye concentrations of 200/1 was found to increase the decolourization rate. Changes in pH to acidic and alkaline also increase dye decolourization rate, the highest decolourization was observed at pH 10.5. Increase in the temperature from 25°C to 60°C slightly increases decolourization rate. Chromatographic, spectrophotometric and mass-spectrometric techniques were used to elucidate breakdown pathways and identify intermediates. Suggested type of photo-degradation is destructive oxidation involving rapid breakdown of the azo group with the formation of colourless intermediate substances such as naphthalene (naphthoquinone) and benzene (phenol) derivatives. These intermediates do not accumulate and are further photo-degraded to lower molecular weight substances, organic acids. Work on establishing ecotoxicological effects and biodegradability of dyes and their photochemical breakdown products, with particularly reference to micro-organisrns, was carried out with the biological tests using the freshwater green alga Chlorella vulgaris, the bacterium Pseudomonas putida and activated sludge. Photochemical treatment of dye solutions with UV/oxygen or UV irradiation alone does not eliminate their toxicity. When the UV /hydrogen peroxide system was used decolourized solutions were non-toxic to microorganisms. Activated sludge is slow and inefficient in removing residual colour from the dye solutions partially decolourized by photo-oxidation, generally removal of residual colour was in the range of 82 - 85.5 % after 72 hours of biotreatment. An increase in biochemical treatment time from 24 to 144 hours also did not have an influence on colour removal. With an increase in preliminary photochemical treatment time susceptibility of the dye solutions to the biochemical action of activated sludge increases. The combination of the UV /hydrogen peroxide process with subsequent microbiological treatment is a satisfactory treatment for azo dye solutions suitable for commercial application. Further research to extend the application to other dye classes, particularly reactive dyes In justified

移り行く北東アジアの経済協力 : 1990年代における変化と今後の展開

The purpose of the paper was to find out some proofs for growing economic interdependence among the Northeast Asian countries in the 1990\u27s, and to identify the specificity of this process. An examination of trade patterns of every country in Northeast Asia has shown, that despite the remaining tensions among the countries, - territorial, political, ethnic, the lack of diplomatic relations between Japan and North Korea and etc., - the level of economic interdependence was steadily rising during the past decade, though it is still low compared with shares of intra-regional trade in North America and the EU. The direction of trade towards the regional market has intensified in every country of NEA, and this was driven by a remarkable growth of cross-border investments, which was observed everywhere in Northeast Asia including North Korea. An attitude towards closer cooperation with Northeast Asia in Japan and Russia is different at national and regional level. Economic exchanges with NEA are being promoted mostly by the localities in China, Japan, and Russia, who are looking forward to accelerate the pace of economic development and improve standard of living by means of internationalization of local economies. There is little (or even none) support from the central governments (in Japan, Russia, and even China) on speeding up regional cooperation. China has become an engine of the growing economic interdependence within NEA. It was marked an obvious rise of the Chinese economic influence within the continental Northeast Asia during the decade, as China started to dominate in economic exchanges with Mongolia, North Korea, and provinces of the Russian Far East. A greater involvement of Japan, the largest economic power of Northeast Asia, into the process of regional cooperation is awaited by other countries, as it would speed up realization of multilateral projects by providing with required capital, and counterbalance the growing economic influence of China in the continental NEA, which is crucial for securing sustainable development in Northeast Asia.論文Articl

The formation of subjectivity and norms in the process of adaptation of young employees at the enterprise

The aim of the publication is to determine the interrelation of the formation of subjective qualities and norms process of adaptation of young employees at the enterprise.Methods. The research methodology involves a comprehensive combination of the theoretical analysis and the results of applied research at the enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region. The dialectical method and comparative analysis are used.Results and theoretical novelty. The questions of adaptation of young employees at the enterprise are considered. The concepts of «subjectivity» and «norms» in philosophy are analyzed. Subjectivity is presented as a personal basis of social activity of the young worker at the entity; regulations – as a method of adaptation of the personality, individual to that community in which it emerged to be. The characteristics of the youth working at the industrial enterprise are disclosed on the basis of socio-philosophical analysis; youth policy at the industrial enterprises is described; the formation of values and norms of young workers in the process of adapting the enterprise is observed. The personal subjectivity as the basis of social activity of the young worker in the enterprise is demonstrated. It is shown that relevance of subject qualities forming and regulations at youth is caused not only by the need of development of the identity of young workers, but also by economic safety of industrial enterprises wellbeing where their working career begins.Practical significance consists in the social-philosophical substantiation of interrelation of formation of subjective qualities and norms in the process of adaptation of young employees in the company, of the main provisions for the development of programs of adaptation of young employees at the enterprise; in providing the teaching social and humanitarian disciplines for bachelors and masters majoring in «Organization of Work with Youth». Цель изложенного в статье исследования – определить взаимосвязь формирования субъектных качеств и освоения индивидом корпоративных норм в процессе адаптации молодых работников на предприятии. Методология и методы. Методология работы состояла в комплексном сочетании теоретического анализа и результатов прикладных исследований на предприятиях Свердловской области. Использовались диалектический метод и сравнительный анализ данных. Результаты и теоретическая новизна. Рассмотрены аспекты адаптации молодых работников на предприятии. Раскрыта сущность философских понятий «субъектность» и «нормы». Субъектность представлена как личностная основа социальной активности молодого работника на предприятии; нормы – как способ адаптации личности, индивида к той общности, в которой он находится. На основе социально-философского анализа вскрыты особенности молодежи, работающей на промышленном предприятии; описана молодежная политика данных предприятий; прослежено становление ценностей молодых работников и присвоение ими в процессе адаптации норм, принятых на производстве. Продемонстрирована личностно развивающая природа соревнования, его роль в формировании субъектных качеств. Показано, что актуальность формирования субъектных качеств и норм у молодежи обусловлена не только необходимостью развития личности молодых работников, но и экономической безопасностью и благополучием промышленных предприятий, на которых начинается их трудовая биография. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в предложениях решения проблем реализации молодежной политики в промышленном секторе экономики. Материалы статьи могут служить базой для разработки программ адаптации молодых работников на предприятии и использоваться при преподавании социально-гуманитарных дисциплин для бакалавров и магистров по специальности «Организация работы с молодежью»