Paper Session III-B - Cape Canaveral Spaceport Commercialization Land Use Planning Efforts

As the federal government moves into the commercialization of space, the Kennedy Space Center and the Cape Canaveral Air Station must together examine the historic land use and plan for the best use of both pieces of real estate to establish the future of a united Cape Canaveral Spaceport. In addition, the federal entities must involve the State of Florida, through Spaceport Florida Authority, in the decision making which has long-term effects on Florida\u27s economic development. This paper explores the ongoing joint planning within the local National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Air Force (AF), and Spaceport Florida Authority (SFA) for current land use development. Specific new land development, including a public access commerce park and a secured hazardous commercial processing area, as well as redevelopment schemes for the existing industrial and South Gate areas, will be explored. In addition, several public outreach initiatives will be addressed. Finally, challenges facing the land use of the federal property will be approached, including collaboration and cooperation opportunities, dealing with the rules restricting federal decisions, as well as infrastructure reinvestment options

One-way FSI simulation of the phase and the geometric parameters of the model of compressor blades on the oscillating gas-dynamic processes

The paper presents the results of numerical simulations to assess the impact of the phase shifts and the geometric design parameters on oscillations in inter-blade channel model compressor gas pumping unit. The blades are considered to be cantilevered plate. At low flow rates and at different angles of phase shift between oscillations of neighboring blades investigated gasdynamic forces acting on the structure. It is shown that the phase shift between the change in the corresponding gas-dynamic forces acting on the blades and vanes oscillations of depends on the phase shift between the oscillations of of the blades

3D Collagen Alignment Limits Protrusions to Enhance Breast Cancer Cell Persistence

Patients with mammographically dense breast tissue have a greatly increased risk of developing breast cancer. Dense breast tissue contains more stromal collagen, which contributes to increased matrix stiffness and alters normal cellular responses. Stromal collagen within and surrounding mammary tumors is frequently aligned and reoriented perpendicular to the tumor boundary. We have shown that aligned collagen predicts poor outcome in breast cancer patients, and postulate this is because it facilitates invasion by providing tracks on which cells migrate out of the tumor. However, the mechanisms by which alignment may promote migration are not understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of matrix stiffness and alignment to cell migration speed and persistence. Mechanical measurements of the stiffness of collagen matrices with varying density and alignment were compared with the results of a 3D microchannel alignment assay to quantify cell migration. We further interpreted the experimental results using a computational model of cell migration. We find that collagen alignment confers an increase in stiffness, but does not increase the speed of migrating cells. Instead, alignment enhances the efficiency of migration by increasing directional persistence and restricting protrusions along aligned fibers, resulting in a greater distance traveled. These results suggest that matrix topography, rather than stiffness, is the dominant feature by which an aligned matrix can enhance invasion through 3D collagen matrices

Transient peak-strain matching partially recovers the age-impaired mechanoadaptive cortical bone response

Mechanoadaptation maintains bone mass and architecture; its failure underlies age-related decline in bone strength. It is unclear whether this is due to failure of osteocytes to sense strain, osteoblasts to form bone or insufficient mechanical stimulus. Mechanoadaptation can be restored to aged bone by surgical neurectomy, suggesting that changes in loading history can rescue mechanoadaptation. We use non-biased, whole-bone tibial analyses, along with characterisation of surface strains and ensuing mechanoadaptive responses in mice at a range of ages, to explore whether sufficient load magnitude can activate mechanoadaptation in aged bone. We find that younger mice adapt when imposed strains are lower than in mature and aged bone. Intriguingly, imposition of short-term, high magnitude loading effectively primes cortical but not trabecular bone of aged mice to respond. This response was regionally-matched to highest strains measured by digital image correlation and to osteocytic mechanoactivation. These data indicate that aged bone’s loading response can be partially recovered, non-invasively by transient, focal high strain regions. Our results indicate that old murine bone does respond to load when the loading is of sufficient magnitude, and bones’ age-related adaptation failure may be due to insufficient mechanical stimulus to trigger mechanoadaptation

Wild-Type p53 Enhances Endothelial Barrier Function by Mediating RAC1 Signalling and RhoA Inhibition

Inflammation is the major cause of endothelial barrier hyper-permeability, associated with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This study reports that p53 orchestrates the defence of vascular endothelium against LPS, by mediating the opposing actions of Rac1 and RhoA in pulmonary tissues. Human lung microvascular endothelial cells treated with HSP90 inhibitors activated both Rac1- and P21-activated kinase, which is an essential element of vascular barrier function. 17AAG increased the phosphorylation of both LIMK and cofilin, in contrast to LPS which counteracted those effects. Mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells exposed to LPS exhibited decreased expression of phospho-cofilin. 17AAG treatment resulted in reduced levels of active cofilin. Silencing of cofilin pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase (PDXP) blocked the LPS-induced hyper-permeability, and P53 inhibition reversed the 17AAG-induced PDXP down-regulation. P190RHOGAP suppression enhanced the LPS-triggered barrier dysfunction in endothelial monolayers. 17AAG treatment resulted in P190RHOGAP induction and blocked the LPS-induced pMLC2 up-regulation in wild-type mice. Pulmonary endothelial cells from super p53 mice, which carry additional p53-tg alleles, exhibited a lower response to LPS than the controls. Collectively, our findings help elucidate the mechanisms by which p53 operates to enhance barrier function

Non-Overlapping Functions for Pyk2 and FAK in Osteoblasts during Fluid Shear Stress-Induced Mechanotransduction

Mechanotransduction, the process by which cells convert external mechanical stimuli such as fluid shear stress (FSS) into biochemical changes, plays a critical role in maintenance of the skeleton. We have proposed that mechanical stimulation by FSS across the surfaces of bone cells results in formation of unique signaling complexes called mechanosomes that are launched from sites of adhesion with the extracellular matrix and with other bone cells [1]. Deformation of adhesion complexes at the cell membrane ultimately results in alteration of target gene expression. Recently, we reported that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) functions as a part of a mechanosome complex that is required for FSS-induced mechanotransduction in bone cells. This study extends this work to examine the role of a second member of the FAK family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), and determine its role during osteoblast mechanotransduction. We use osteoblasts harvested from mice as our model system in this study and compared the contributions of Pyk2 and FAK during FSS induced mechanotransduction in osteoblasts. We exposed Pyk2+/+ and Pyk2−/− primary calvarial osteoblasts to short period of oscillatory fluid flow and analyzed downstream activation of ERK1/2, and expression of c-fos, cyclooxygenase-2 and osteopontin. Unlike FAK, Pyk2 was not required for fluid flow-induced mechanotransduction as there was no significant difference in the response of Pyk2+/+ and Pyk2−/− osteoblasts to short periods of fluid flow (FF). In contrast, and as predicted, FAK−/− osteoblasts were unable to respond to FF. These data indicate that FAK and Pyk2 have distinct, non-redundant functions in launching mechanical signals during osteoblast mechanotransduction. Additionally, we compared two methods of generating FF in both cell types, oscillatory pump method and another orbital platform method. We determined that both methods of generating FF induced similar responses in both primary calvarial osteoblasts and immortalized calvarial osteoblasts

Bentuk dan Fungsi Tuturan Memuji dalam Talk Show Jepang

Tindak tutur memuji ialah tindak tutur yang mengekspresikan perasaan baik pada lawan tutur dengan cara memberikan evaluasi positif secara eksplisit maupun implisit terhadap hal-hal “baik” yang berhubungan dengan lawan tutur. Perbedaan budaya dan latar belakang sosial pembicara, termasuk gender, dapat mempengaruhi perbedaan perilaku tindak memuji yang menyebabkan beberapa penutur atau pembicara memuji objek yang berbeda. Misalnya, orang Jepang cenderung memberikan pujian atas kemampuan seseorang. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik simak bebas libat cakap. Data diperoleh dari tiga acara talk show Jepang yang berbeda. Untuk menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan teori pragmatik dengan kajian teori tindak tutur. Tindak ilokusi sebagai pusat kajian tindak tutur menjadi acuan terpenting dalam peneletian ini untuk mengetahui fungsi secara kontekstual tuturan memuji yang ditemukan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah macam-macam bentuk kalimat pujian yang digunakan untuk memuji kemampuan, sifat, kepemilikan, dan penampilan lawan tutur. Ditemukan 33 kalimat yang digunakan untuk memuji. 16 data untuk memuji kemampuan seseorang, 5 data untuk memuji sifat seseorang, 2 data untuk memuji kepemilikan seseorang, dan 10 data untuk memuji penampilan seseorang. 27 data pujian dituturkan secara eksplisit dan 6 data pujian dituturkan secara impisit (aimai)