System- und Subjektperspektive in der Organisationsberatung

Während die soziologische Diskussion von Organisationsberatung bisher vor allem auf systemtheoretische Ansätze Bezug nimmt, wird hier versucht, eine ergänzende subjektorientierte Perspektive unter Berücksichtigung herrschaftskritischer Positionen zu entwickeln. Denn typischerweise überlagern sich betriebliche Hierarchie und Beratungsauftrag in der Form, dass die Auftraggeber zugleich Vorgesetzte der zu beratenden (oder von Beratung betroffenen) Mitarbeiter sind. Um die Kooperation dieser Mitarbeiter im Beratungsprozess zu erreichen, werden in den vorherrschenden Beratungsansätzen verschiedene Strategien vorgeschlagen: Autorität, Motivation, Partizipation, Neutralität. Angesichts der unvermeidbaren Verstrickung der Berater in Machtdynamiken wird hier hingegen für eine Verhandlungsstrategie plädiert, mit welcher zusätzlich zum 'Rahmenauftrag' der Auftraggeber mit den betroffenen Mitarbeitern konkretisierende 'Kernaufträge' ausgehandelt werden.While the sociological discussion of organization counseling refers until now to system-theoretical approaches in particular, this article makes the attempt to develop an additional subject oriented perspective in consideration of power-critical positions. In the main organization hierarchy and counseling contract overlap, which means that the client is at the same time the employer of the personnel to be counseled. In order to obtain the cooperation of the personnel being counseled, in the prevailing counseling approaches various strategies are suggested such as showing authority, motivating, granting participation, remaining neutral. In consideration of the inevitable involvement of the counselor in power dynamics the article pleads for a negotiating strategy by which in addition to the 'skeleton contract' with the client specific 'core contracts' are negotiated with the personnel concerned

Why does the locally induced temperature response to land cover change differ across scenarios

Land cover change (LCC) affects temperature locally. The underlying biogeophysical effects are influenced not only by land use (location and extent) but also by natural biogeographic shifts and background climate. We examine the contributions of these three factors to surface temperature changes upon LCC and compare them across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) scenarios. To this end, we perform global deforestation simulations with an Earth system model to deduce locally induced changes in surface temperature for historical and projected forest cover changes. We find that the dominant factors differ between historical and future scenarios: the local temperature response is historically dominated by the factor land use change, but the two other factors become just as important in scenarios of future land use and climate. An additional factor contributing to differences across scenarios is the dependence on the extent of forests before LCC happens: For most locations, the temperature response is strongest when starting deforestation from low forest cover fractions