A Survey on The Determination of Statues of Mechanization of Pistachio Farming And Its Problems in Turkey

In Turkey, despite the fact that history of the pistachio nut has a great economic importance, especially in the GAP region, and extends to a long way back; the amount of production has not been achieved at the expected rate. Average yield per pistachio tree is 2 kg and the average pistachio production is 46,500 tons, currently. Because, in this region, the pistachio nut is grown under dry climate conditions and in barren soil. Additionally, pistachio growers are not trained well enough about mechanization. This research was conducted to determine mechanization possibilities of pistachio and the post harvest handlings. I t consisted of two parts, first the compilation of survey results which were obtained from farmers dealing with pistachio and the second part includes the results of post harvest processing of pistachio. For this reasion, pistachio nut growing practices, general farm, soil cultivation, pest controls, fertilization, prunning, harvesting, drying, dehulling and storing methods have been examined.</p

Stray voltage problems in dairy farms and effects on animal behavior

Stray voltage is a small voltage measured between two points that can simultaneously be contacted bya cow. A current will flow between these points. The amount of current depends on the voltage and theresistance of the animal. Reactions of animals to mild electric shocks caused by stray voltage havebeen reported to include behavioral changes, changes in milking characteristics of dairy cows andchanges in production performance. This study evaluated the presence or absence of stray voltage ondairy farms. Questionnaires related to the history of the situation and animal reactions were also usedin the study. Experiments were carried out on 51 dairy farms in Turkey. All farms had more than 30milking cows which are milked by using pipe line milking systems. Stray voltage problems were foundon 12 farms (23%). The relationship between the presence of stray voltage and behavioral change onthe dairy farms was statistically significant (P=0,002). Based on the results, stray voltage sources onthe farms were mostly attributed to faulty wiring, faulty equipment and improper grounding. © Published by the College of Agriculture

The Effect of Care Bundles Based on Guidelines Over the Central Venous Catheter Infections in an Intensive Care Unit

Objective: To detect the effects of care bundle that is prepared depending on guidelines for central line associated infections. Material and Method: Patients in a tertiary medical intensive care unit were followed up during one year period in terms of catheter infections. The care bundle that was prepared depending on guidelines was performed for all central catheter placements. Catheters were evaluated in terms of local or systemic bloodstream infections everyday. Data obtained were compared with the previous year’s data. Results: We concluded that age, gender or weight characteristics have no effect on central venous catheter related infections but we detected higher infection rates at patients who had higher APACHE 2 scores. Bloodstream infection rates related with central catheter were similar between catheters inserted at operation rooms or intensive care units but catheters inserted at out services had higher infections rates. It was shown that prolonged catheter duration is related with high infection levels but anatomic place of catheter has no relationship with infection rates. No relationship was found between clothing type and infection rate. Total parenteral nutrition, blood or blood product administration via central catheter has increased infection rates. Conclusion: Performing care bundles decreases central venous catheter utilization rates central line associated bloodstream infection rates