Ceramic Utilization of Northern Kansas Pleistocene Loesses and Fossil Soils

Late Pleistocene loesses, classed as Loveland, Peoria, and Bignell silt members of the Sanborn formation, and their contained fossil soils (Loveland and Brady) constitute the most widespread ceramic raw material in Kansas. The silt deposits were made by the action of winds on stream-borne sediments during intervals of northern and mountain glaciation. The silts were modified by weathering processes that produced deep soils on former upper surfaces, now buried by younger deposits. These silts and soils were sampled at 46 localities extending from the Missouri River on the east to the Colorado State line. Ceramic tests on 318 samples and chemical analyses of 52 samples are reported. Spectrographic analyses supplement the ceramic and chemical data. The data show a high degree of uniformity from east to west but the greater effect of weathering in the eastern part of the State has increased the clay content and plastic properties. The Loveland is especially suitable for manufacture of brick, tile, and light-weight ceramic aggregates. The Peoria silt (exclusive of the Brady soil) is suitable for manufacture of dense "ceramic slag." At many localities the entire thickness of the Sanborn formation, including the fossil soils, may be utilized as raw material for brick, tile, and both light and heavy ceramic aggregates

Surface Meteorological Data for Palmer Station, Antarctica, February 1-December 31, 1965

"RF 1885"This volume presents, in tabular form, the results of surface meteorological observations made at the United States Antarctic Research Program facility, Palmer Station, between February l and December 31, 1965. These data represent a preliminary report in limited edition, while a detailed analysis for final publication is in progress. The meteorological observation program at Palmer Station was carried out in conjunction with the glaciology program being conducted on the Anvers Island ice cap by a party from the Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University, with observations being made by the glaciology personnel.National Science Foundation Grant GA-16

Solution Geochemistry of the Water of Limestone Terrains

Limestone groundwater flows mainly in openings it has solutionally enlarged, thus an understanding of the water\u27s state of saturation relative to calcite (the principal mineral component of limestone) is fundamental to an understanding of the nature and evolution of the limestone aquifer. This study investigated the Mammoth Cave-Sinkhole Plain (MCSP) and Cave Hollow (CH) aquifers in Kentucky, both in Missippian limestones. Both aquifers were always undersaturated with calcite. Except for completely ventilated vadose flows (usually) and some vadose seepage (occasionally), all recharges sampled (sinking streams, vadose flows, and vadose seepage) were also undersaturated. The lack of saturation in the MCSP aquifer was due to the introduction of carbon dioxide into the water in amounts difficult to explain by the carbon dioxide content of the above recharges. In both vadose flows and seepage, undersaturatlon tended to correlate directly with flow volume, and there was an inverse correlation between the amount of carbon dioxide and calcite saturation in most of the waters sampled. In vadose seepage this relationship was so strong as to suggest seasonal invariance of carbon dioxide content of the water prior to out gassing. Results suggest solutional enlargement is greatest near recharge points in ventilated aquifers (CH) but the carbon dioxide introduction phenomenon (MCSP) allows solution over wide areas in unventilated aquifers

Energy flux couples sulfur isotope fractionation to proteomicand metabolite profiles in Desulfovibrio vulgaris

Fil: Leavitt, William D. Dartmouth College. Department of Earth Sciences, Hanover, New Hampshire; United States of America.Fil: Leavitt, William D. Washington University in St. Louis. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Missouri; United States of America.Fil: Waldbauer, Jacob. University of Chicago. Department of the Geophysical Sciences, Illinois; United States of America.Fil: Venceslau, Sofia S. Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras; Portugal.Fil: Sim, Min Sub. Seoul National University. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; South Korea.Fil: Zhang, Lichun. University of Chicago. Department of the Geophysical Sciences, Illinois; United States of America.Fil: Flavia Jaquelina Boidi. Washington University in St. Louis. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Missouri, United States of America.Fil: Flavia Jaquelina Boidi. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; Argentina.Fil: Flavia Jaquelina Boidi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Plummer, Sydney. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California; United States of America.Fil: Díaz, Julia M. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California; United States of America.Fil: Pereira, Inês A. C. Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras; Portugal.Fil: Bradley, Alexander S. Washington University in St. Louis. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Missouri, United States of America.Fil: Bradley, Alexander S. Washington University in St. Louis. Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Missouri; United States of America.Abstract: Microbial sulfate reduction is central to the global carbon cycle and the redox evolu-tion of Earth's surface. Tracking the activity of sulfate reducing microorganisms overspace and time relies on a nuanced understanding of stable sulfur isotope fractiona-tion in the context of the biochemical machinery of the metabolism. Here, we link themagnitude of stable sulfur isotopic fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profilesunder different cellular energetic regimes. When energy availability is limited, cell-specific sulfate respiration rates and net sulfur isotope fractionation inversely covary. Beyond net S isotope fractionation values, we also quantified shifts in protein expres-sion, abundances and isotopic composition of intracellular S metabolites, and lipidstructures and lipid/water H isotope fractionation values. These coupled approachesreveal which protein abundances shift directly as a function of energy flux, those thatvary minimally, and those that may vary independent of energy flux and likely do notcontribute to shifts in S-isotope fractionation. By coupling the bulk S-isotope obser-vations with quantitative proteomics, we provide novel constraints for metabolic iso-tope models. Together, these results lay the foundation for more predictive metabolicfractionation models, alongside interpretations of environmental sulfur and sulfatereducer lipid-H isotope data.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionFil: Leavitt, William D. Dartmouth College. Department of Earth Sciences, Hanover, New Hampshire; United States of America.Fil: Leavitt, William D. Washington University in St. Louis. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Missouri; United States of America.Fil: Waldbauer, Jacob. University of Chicago. Department of the Geophysical Sciences, Illinois; United States of America.Fil: Venceslau, Sofia S. Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras; Portugal.Fil: Sim, Min Sub. Seoul National University. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; South Korea.Fil: Zhang, Lichun. University of Chicago. Department of the Geophysical Sciences, Illinois; United States of America.Fil: Flavia Jaquelina Boidi. Washington University in St. Louis. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Missouri, United States of America.Fil: Flavia Jaquelina Boidi. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; Argentina.Fil: Flavia Jaquelina Boidi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Plummer, Sydney. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California; United States of America.Fil: Díaz, Julia M. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California; United States of America.Fil: Pereira, Inês A. C. Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras; Portugal.Fil: Bradley, Alexander S. Washington University in St. Louis. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Missouri, United States of America.Fil: Bradley, Alexander S. Washington University in St. Louis. Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Missouri; United States of America

EVALUATION OF THE FAILURE OF A RADIOACTIVE WASTE TRANSFER LINE JACKET

Radioactive wastes are confined in 49 underground storage tanks at the Savannah River Site. The waste is transported between tanks primarily via an underground transfer piping system. Due to the hazardous nature of the waste, the inner core stainless steel pipe is typically surrounded by a carbon steel pipe jacket, which provides secondary containment. Recently several through-wall penetrations were discovered on a segment of one of the jackets. An evaluation was performed to verify the failure mechanism and to estimate the degree of damage that occurred to the pipe segment. Failure analysis of a section of the jacket confirmed that pitting corrosion on the exterior of the pipe led to the through-wall penetration. Ultrasonic measurements on sections of the pipe were utilized to determine the remaining wall thickness in adjacent areas of the pipe. Based on these measurements, the degree of pitting and general corrosion was determined. Pit growth rate models were then developed to estimate the life expectancy of sections of the pipe that had not been excavated. The calculations estimated that the occurrence of through-wall failures in this jacket will begin to increase substantially in 12 years. Given that this pipe segment will be utilized beyond this time, short-term and long-term solutions to this failure were proposed. The short-term solutions focused on the repair or replace decisions that must be made to return the jacket to service as soon as practical. The long-term solutions focused on a broader strategy to address jacket integrity issues in the entire tank farm facility. These solutions included the evaluation of innovative remote inspection and repair techniques

Reducing arthritis fatigue impact: Two-year randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural approaches by rheumatology teams (RAFT)

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Objectives To see if a group course delivered by rheumatology teams using cognitive-behavioural approaches, plus usual care, reduced RA fatigue impact more than usual care alone. Methods Multicentre, 2-year randomised controlled trial in RA adults (fatigue severity>6/10, no recent major medication changes). RAFT (Reducing Arthritis Fatigue: Clinical Teams using CB approaches) comprises seven sessions, codelivered by pairs of trained rheumatology occupational therapists/nurses. Usual care was Arthritis Research UK fatigue booklet. Primary 26-week outcome fatigue impact (Bristol RA Fatigue Effect Numerical Rating Scale, BRAF-NRS 0-10). Intention-to-treat regression analysis adjusted for baseline scores and centre. Results 308/333 randomised patients completed 26 week data (156/175 RAFT, 152/158 Control). Mean baseline variables were similar. At 26 weeks, the adjusted difference between arms for fatigue impact change favoured RAFT (BRAF-NRS Effect-0.59, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.06), BRAF Multidimensional Questionnaire (MDQ) Total-3.42 (95% CI -6.44 to -0.39), Living with Fatigue-1.19 (95% CI -2.17 to -0.21), Emotional Fatigue-0.91 (95% CI -1.58 to -0.23); RA Self-Efficacy (RASE, +3.05, 95% CI 0.43 to 5.66) (14 secondary outcomes unchanged). Effects persisted at 2 years: BRAF-NRS Effect-0.49 (95% CI-0.83 to -0.14), BRAF MDQ Total-2.98 (95% CI-5.39 to -0.57), Living with Fatigue-0.93 (95% CI-1.75 to -0.10), Emotional Fatigue-0.90 (95% CI-1.44, to -0.37); BRAF-NRS Coping +0.42 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.77) (relevance of fatigue impact improvement uncertain). RAFT satisfaction: 89% scored ≥ 8/10 vs 54% controls rating usual care booklet (

Preindustrial to present-day changes in tropospheric hydroxyl radical and methane lifetime from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)

We have analysed time-slice simulations from 17 global models, participating in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), to explore changes in present-day (2000) hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration and methane (CH4) lifetime relative to preindustrial times (1850) and to 1980. A comparison of modeled and observation-derived methane and methyl chloroform lifetimes suggests that the present-day global multi-model mean OH concentration is overestimated by 5 to 10% but is within the range of uncertainties. The models consistently simulate higher OH concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) compared with the Southern Hemisphere (SH) for the present-day (2000; inter-hemispheric ratios of 1.13 to 1.42), in contrast to observation-based approaches which generally indicate higher OH in the SH although uncertainties are large. Evaluation of simulated carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, the primary sink for OH, against ground-based and satellite observations suggests low biases in the NH that may contribute to the high north–south OH asymmetry in the models. The models vary widely in their regional distribution of present-day OH concentrations (up to 34%). Despite large regional changes, the multi-model global mean (mass-weighted) OH concentration changes little over the past 150 yr, due to concurrent increases in factors that enhance OH (humidity, tropospheric ozone, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and UV radiation due to decreases in stratospheric ozone), compensated by increases in OH sinks (methane abundance, carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic carbon (NMVOC) emissions). The large inter-model diversity in the sign and magnitude of preindustrial to present-day OH changes (ranging from a decrease of 12.7% to an increase of 14.6%) indicate that uncertainty remains in our understanding of the long-term trends in OH and methane lifetime. We show that this diversity is largely explained by the different ratio of the change in global mean tropospheric CO and NOx burdens (ΔCO/ΔNOx, approximately represents changes in OH sinks versus changes in OH sources) in the models, pointing to a need for better constraints on natural precursor emissions and on the chemical mechanisms in the current generation of chemistry-climate models. For the 1980 to 2000 period, we find that climate warming and a slight increase in mean OH (3.5 ± 2.2%) leads to a 4.3 ± 1.9% decrease in the methane lifetime. Analysing sensitivity simulations performed by 10 models, we find that preindustrial to present-day climate change decreased the methane lifetime by about four months, representing a negative feedback on the climate system. Further, we analysed attribution experiments performed by a subset of models relative to 2000 conditions with only one precursor at a time set to 1860 levels. We find that global mean OH increased by 46.4 ± 12.2% in response to preindustrial to present-day anthropogenic NOx emission increases, and decreased by 17.3 ± 2.3%, 7.6 ± 1.5%, and 3.1 ± 3.0% due to methane burden, and anthropogenic CO, and NMVOC emissions increases, respectively

Group cognitive–behavioural programme to reduce the impact of rheumatoid arthritis fatigue: The RAFT RCT with economic and qualitative evaluations

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a major problem in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There is evidence for the clinical effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered by clinical psychologists, but few rheumatology units have psychologists. OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a group CBT programme for RA fatigue [named RAFT, i.e. Reducing Arthritis Fatigue by clinical Teams using cognitive-behavioural (CB) approaches], delivered by the rheumatology team in addition to usual care (intervention), with usual care alone (control); and to evaluate tutors' experiences of the RAFT programme. DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial. Central trials unit computerised randomisation in four consecutive cohorts within each of the seven centres. A nested qualitative evaluation was undertaken. SETTING: Seven hospital rheumatology units in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with RA and fatigue severity of ≥ 6 [out of 10, as measured by the Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Numerical Rating Scale (BRAF-NRS)] who had no recent changes in major RA medication/glucocorticoids. INTERVENTIONS: RAFT - group CBT programme delivered by rheumatology tutor pairs (nurses/occupational therapists). Usual care - brief discussion of a RA fatigue self-management booklet with the research nurse. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary - fatigue impact (as measured by the BRAF-NRS) at 26 weeks. Secondary - fatigue severity/coping (as measured by the BRAF-NRS); broader fatigue impact [as measured by the Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Multidimensional Questionnaire (BRAF-MDQ)]; self-reported clinical status; quality of life; mood; self-efficacy; and satisfaction. All data were collected at weeks 0, 6, 26, 52, 78 and 104. In addition, fatigue data were collected at weeks 10 and 18. The intention-to-treat analysis conducted was blind to treatment allocation, and adjusted for baseline scores and centre. Cost-effectiveness was explored through the intervention and RA-related health and social care costs, allowing the calculation of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) with the EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version (EQ-5D-5L). Tutor and focus group interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 308 out of 333 patients completed 26 weeks (RAFT, n/N = 156/175; control, n/N = 152/158). At 26 weeks, the mean BRAF-NRS impact was reduced for the RAFT programme (-1.36 units; p

N-body models of globular clusters: metallicity, half-light radii and mass-to-light ratios

Size differences of approx. 20% between red (metal-rich) and blue (metal-poor) sub-populations of globular clusters have been observed, generating an ongoing debate as to weather these originate from projection effects or the difference in metallicity. We present direct N-body simulations of metal-rich and metal-poor stellar populations evolved to study the effects of metallicity on cluster evolution. The models start with N = 100000 stars and include primordial binaries. We also take metallicity dependent stellar evolution and an external tidal field into account. We find no significant difference for the half-mass radii of those models, indicating that the clusters are structurally similar. However, utilizing observational tools to fit half-light (or effective) radii confirms that metallicity effects related to stellar evolution combined with dynamical effects such as mass segregation produce an apparent size difference of 17% on average. The metallicity effect on the overall cluster luminosity also leads to higher mass-to-light ratios for metal-rich clusters.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA