Action Type Geometrical Equivalence of Representations of Groups

For every variety of algebras and every algebras in these variety we can consider an algebraic geometry. Algebras may be many sorted (not necessarily one sorted) algebras. A set of sorts is fixed for each variety. This theory can be applied to the variety of representations of groups over fixed commutative ring with unit. We consider a representation as two sorted algebra. We concentrate on the case of the action type algebraic geometry of representations of groups. In this case algebraic sets are defined by systems of action type equations and equations in the acting group are not considered. This is the special case, which cannot be deduced from the general theory. In this paper the following basic notions are introduced: action type geometrical equivalence of two representations, action type quasi-identity in representations, action type quasi-variety of representations, action type Noetherian variety of representations, action type geometrically Noetherian representation, action type logically Noetherian representation.Comment: 35 page

The evolution of genetic architectures underlying quantitative traits

In the classic view introduced by R. A. Fisher, a quantitative trait is encoded by many loci with small, additive effects. Recent advances in QTL mapping have begun to elucidate the genetic architectures underlying vast numbers of phenotypes across diverse taxa, producing observations that sometimes contrast with Fisher's blueprint. Despite these considerable empirical efforts to map the genetic determinants of traits, it remains poorly understood how the genetic architecture of a trait should evolve, or how it depends on the selection pressures on the trait. Here we develop a simple, population-genetic model for the evolution of genetic architectures. Our model predicts that traits under moderate selection should be encoded by many loci with highly variable effects, whereas traits under either weak or strong selection should be encoded by relatively few loci. We compare these theoretical predictions to qualitative trends in the genetics of human traits, and to systematic data on the genetics of gene expression levels in yeast. Our analysis provides an evolutionary explanation for broad empirical patterns in the genetic basis of traits, and it introduces a single framework that unifies the diversity of observed genetic architectures, ranging from Mendelian to Fisherian.Comment: Minor changes in the text; Added supplementary materia