Die gesag van Christus in enkele kerklike gesagsmodelle

Reformed church polity acknowledges a very close relation between Christology and ecclesiology, and intends to be a polity of the kingdom of God. This means the acceptance of Christ as the only Head of His church. He governs the church through the Holy Spirit and the Word of God, and by means of the ministry of the offices. History reveals that although many systems of church government confess the Headship of Christ, analysis of these systems indicates distortions or even elimination of Christ as the one and only Head of the church. A critical review of the systems of the Roman Catholic Church, of Lutheranism, Erastianism, Collegialism and Congregationalism shows that views concerning the authority in the church differ widely. Various forms of authority can be distinguished, i.e. the authority of the pope, office and/or church authority, state government authority in church affairs, etc. In contrast to these viewpoints, the Reformation states that Christ has the only authority in His church. He exercises His government through the offices in the church. These offices are servants and minister His authority in the church. The only authority of the church or the offices is therefore a ministerial authority

Calvyn oor die koninkryk van God en die staat

Calvin on the kingdom of God and the stateThis article focuses on the relationship between the kingdom of God and the state. An attempt is made to put into perspective Calvin’s distinction between the spiritual dominion (regnum spirituale) and the political dominion (regnum politicum). According to Calvin these two kingdoms should be distinguished and understood in the light of the kingdom of God. It is argued that the political dominion should seek to serve the kingdom of God in its own sphere. Secular governments should therefore establish and preserve civil justice and order so that God can be glorified

Die heilige Nagmaal en kerklike tug

Holy Communion and ecclesiastical discipline. This article intends to give an account of the Reformed Confession concerning aspects of the Lord's Supper and Church Discipline. Attention is given to relevant articles of faith in the Confession, the form for the sacrament of the Lord's Supper and certain articles of the Church Order of the Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika. These documents, originating from the Reformation of the 16th and 17th century, are still upheld by many Reformed Churches. In contrast to this, since the period of the so-called "Nadere Reformasie" until recent times, the Confession of the Reformed Churches, in cam the Heidelberg Catechism as well as particular articles of the Church Order, has been strongly criticised or neglected. A short review is given of the historical background to the establishment of the Reformed beliefs concerning the Lord's Supper and Church Discipline regarding this sacrament. In conclusion relevant parts of Scripture, for example 1 Corinthians 11, are dealt with in order to determine whether the Confession conforms to Scripture and to emphasize the correspondence between the particular articles of faith and the Word of God

A quick reproducible radiometric assay method for free and total carnitine in plasma and urine

The determination of carnitine in body matrices has proved a difficult task over the years because of the errors inherent in the various radiometric methods that have been used. In this research the potential sources of error in the routinely used radio-isotopic assays for carnitine have been recognised and eliminated by the carefuI as"f'SSlN'llt of each step in the process. The assay described in this paper allows for quick. reproducible and reliable determinations of free and esterified carnitine in two body matrices, viz. sermn and urine

The \u3ci\u3eCryptococcus neoformans\u3c/i\u3e Flc1 Homologue Controls Calcium Homeostasis and Confers Fungal Pathogenicity in the Infected Hosts

Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic yeast pathogen, relies on a complex network of stress response pathways that allow for proliferation in the host. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stress responses are regulated by integral membrane proteins containing a transient receptor potential (TRP) domain, including the flavin carrier protein 1 (Flc1), which regulates calcium homeostasis and flavin transport. Here, we report that deletion of C. neoformans FLC1 results in cytosolic calcium elevation and increased nuclear content of calcineurin-dependent transcription factor Crz1, which is associated with an aberrant cell wall chitin overaccumulation observed in the flc1Δ mutant. Absence of Flc1 or inhibition of calcineurin with cyclosporine A prevents vacuolar fusion under conditions of combined osmotic and temperature stress, which is reversed in the flc1Δ mutant by the inhibition of TORC1 kinase with rapamycin. Flc1-deficient yeasts exhibit compromised vacuolar fusion under starvation conditions, including conditions that stimulate formation of carbohydrate capsule. Consequently, the flc1Δ mutant fails to proliferate under low nutrient conditions and displays a defect in capsule formation. Consistent with the previously uncharacterized role of Flc1 in vacuolar biogenesis, we find that Flc1 localizes to the vacuole. The flc1Δ mutant presents a survival defect in J774A.1 macrophage cell-line and profound virulence attenuation in both the Galleria mellonella and mouse pulmonary infection models, demonstrating that Flc1 is essential for pathogenicity. Thus, cryptococcal Flc1 functions in calcium homeostasis and links calcineurin and TOR signaling with vacuolar biogenesis to promote survival under conditions associated with vacuolar fusion required for this pathogen’s fitness and virulence

Saartjie Baartman, Nelisiwe Xaba, and me: the politics of looking at South African bodies

Dance Artist/Choreographer Nelisiwe Xaba’s They Look at Me and That Is All They Think (2006) ‘refers to the story of Sara[tjie] Baartman […] the “Hottentot Venus”’ (2006. 9th Jomba! Contemporary dance experience 2006 programme, p. 7) who was taken from her homeland South Africa, and exhibited in Europe in the nineteenth century. After Baartman died in 1815, her remains were displayed in a museum in Paris until 1982. Xaba parallels the story of Baartman to her own experience of performing in Europe as a black South African woman. This article considers how They Look at Me and That Is All They Think exposes the politics surrounding the act of looking at a particular racial and gendered body in both the historical and contemporary context, and how the concept and articulation of the ‘superior’ European subject was dependent on the classification of Baartman, and other black Africans, as exotic others. In my practice-based research project How I Chased a Rainbow And Bruised My Knee (2007), which was a choreographic response to Xaba’s work, I theatricalize my identity as a white South African woman to make visible whiteness, its associated privilege, and how it is dependent on the representation of a particular type of blackness

Transplant Unit, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa

Organ and tissue donation depends on non-transplant clinicians to identify and timeously refer potential donors and to counsel families compassionately about the prognosis at end of life. Organ donation referral is often felt to be beyond the capacity of district-level hospital services. In this case series, we report on four referrals from a geographically remote, public sector district-level hospital, and review the identification, referral and consent process of potential donors after brain death, and also donors after circulatory death. For the one successfully consented donor we report on the donor work-up and management, and the outcome of the organ recovery and organ allocation process

Epistemological access through lecture materials in multiple modes and language varieties: the role of ideologies and multilingual literacy practices in student evaluations of such materials at a South African University

This paper seeks to address the ways in which ideology and literacy practices shape the responses of students to an ongoing initiative at the University of the Western Cape aimed at diversifying options for epistemological access, specifically the language varieties and the modes in which parts of the curriculum for a third year linguistics module are delivered. Students’ responses to the materials in English and in two varieties of Afrikaans and isiXhosa (as mediated in writing vs orally) are determined, and used as basis to problematize decisions on language variety and mode in language diversification initiatives in Higher Education in South Africa. The findings of the paper are juxtaposed against particular group interests in the educational use of a language as well as differences in the affordances and impact of different modes of language use. The paper suggests that beyond the euphoria of using languages other than English in South African Higher Education, several issues (such as entrenched language practices, beliefs and language management orientations) require attention if the goals of transformation in this sector are to be attained

Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS): investigating determinants of early child development and cognition.

INTRODUCTION: There is growing awareness that psychosocial risk and resilience factors in early life play a key role in influencing later health. Most work has been done in high-income settings, rather than low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the majority of the global childhood population resides. The few studies with well-defined cohorts in LMICs have employed various methods and measures, making comparisons across studies challenging. This presentation describes the methodology for infant and child developmental measures used in the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS), a multidisciplinary longitudinal birth cohort study in South Africa. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We outline a multilevel approach combining a range of measures including parental reports, behaviour observations, clinician-administered scales and brain imaging. Using this approach, we aim at a longitudinal perspective of developmental, cognitive, socioemotional and neurophysiological outcomes in a birth cohort of children in an LMIC. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was approved by the faculty of Health Sciences, Human Research Ethics Committee, University of Cape Town (401/2009), Stellenbosch University (N12/02/0002) and the Western Cape Provincial Health Research committee (2011RP45). DISCUSSION: Children in the DCHS develop in a context typical of many communities in South Africa and other LMICs. There is a critical need for research in LMICs to elucidate underlying factors that inform risk for, and resilience to, poor developmental outcomes in infants born into high-risk communities. Such work may inform effective intervention strategies appropriate to this context